health

2011-09-24T10:35:00.001-07:00

Authors
K. Kusakari, M. Yokoyama, S. Inomata
Abstract
The effect of sugar concentration on the production of saikosaponins was investigated using a root culture of Bupleurum falcatum L. The formation of the lateral roots, which were induced in the presence of indolebutyric acid, was suppressed as the sugar concentration was increased. After the lateral root tips had emerged from the inoculated roots, however, high concentrations of sugar showed no inhibitory effect on the development of the lateral roots. A two-step culture, with 1% sucrose at the beginning of the culture and addition of 6% sucrose at 14 days, when lateral roots have emerged, greatly improved the productivity, affording 0.8 g/l of saikosaponin-a and -d.
Keywords
Key words Bupleurum falcatum · Saikosaponin · Root culture · Sucrose · Two-step culture
http://www.springerlink.com/content/wunky7t35anftw04/

2011-09-24T10:35:00.000-07:00

Flaxseed Oil
What is it? Flaxseed oil is an herbal medicine taken by mouth for constipation (difficulty having a bowel movement), irritable bowel, inflammation (swelling and soreness) of the colon, stomach inflammation, and for bowels damaged by the frequent use of laxatives. Flax may be placed on the skin to treat redness and pain. Other names for Flaxseed include: Flax, Flachs, Grain de Lin, and Lini semen. Ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist if you need more information about this medicine or if any information in this leaflet concerns you.
Before Using: Tell your doctor if you
are taking medicine or are allergic to any medicine (prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) or dietary supplement)
are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medicine
are breastfeeding
have any other health problems, such as high blood pressure or heart or blood vessel disease
Dosage: Talk with your caregiver about how much Flaxseed oil you should take. The amount depends on the strength of the medicine and the reason you are taking Flaxseed oil. If you are using this medicine without instructions from your caregiver, follow the directions on the medicine bottle. Do not take more medicine or take it more often than the directions tell you to. To store this medicine: Keep all medicine locked up and away from children. Store medicine away from heat and direct light. Do not store your medicine in the bathroom, near the kitchen sink, or in other damp places. Heat or moisture may cause the medicine to break down and not work the way it should work. Throw away medicine that is out of date or that you do not need. Never share your medicine with others.
Drug and Food Interactions:Do not take Flaxseed oil without talking to your doctor first if you are taking:
Other medicines, as it may cause problems with absorption into the body of the other drugs when taken at the same time
Warnings:
Before taking Flaxseed oil, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding
Flaxseed oil works best when taken with food (1)
May cause ileus (intestinal blockage) (4)
May cause a thyroid problem (5)
Do not take more than 0.3 milligram/kilogram (6)
In inflammatory (sore and swollen) bowel conditions, Flaxseed must be presoaked before use (5)
Side Effects:Stop taking your medicine right away and talk to your doctor if you have any of the following side effects. Your medicine may be causing these symptoms which may mean you are allergic to it.
Breathing problems or tightness in your throat or chest
Chest pain
Skin hives, rash, or itchy or swollen skin
Other Side Effects:You may have the following side effects, but this medicine may also cause other side effects. Tell your doctor if you have side effects that you think are caused by this medicine.
No known side effects as long as enough water is taken with the seeds (1)
References:1। Blumenthal, Busse, Goldberg et al: Flaxseed. The Complete German Commission E monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines, The American Botanical Council, Austin, TX; 1998. 2. Arjmandi BH, Khan DA, Juma S, et al: Whole flaxseed consumption lowers serum LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) concentrations in postmenopausal women. Nutr Res 1998;18(7):1203-1214. 3. Allman MA, Pena MM & Pang D: Supplementation with flaxseed oil versus sunflowerseed oil in healthy young men consuming a low fat diet: effects on platelet composition and function. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995; 49(3):169-178. 4. Brinker F: Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. Eclectic Institute Inc, Sandy, OR; 1997. 5. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R et al (eds): Linum usitatissimum L. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook: guidelines for the safe use and labeling for herbs in commerce. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; 1997. 6. Bisset NG & Wichtl M (eds): Lini semen. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals: a handbook for practice on a scientific basis. Medpharm Scientific Publishers, CRC Press, Stuttgart, Germany; 1994:298-300.

http://www.pdrhealth.com/drugs/altmed/altmed-mono.aspx?contentFileName=ame0074.xml&contentName=Flaxseed+Oil&contentId=237

2011-09-24T10:34:00.000-07:00

reumatoid arthritis

The remedies available today to ease the pain of arthritis are designed to do exactly that, stop the pain signals from your hands to your brain, period. They may help you cope with the daily struggle of excruciating pain caused by arthritis, but what are they doing to help slow or even reverse the degenerative effects caused by the disease? If arthritis is a chronic condition, then you should have a chance to deal with the present pain symptoms, as well as, the underlying cause of this debilitating disease. The onslaught of erosion and damage done to the underlying soft tissues of your hands is what’s making your condition worse.

What if there’s more? What if there is some way to not only help relieve the excruciating joint pain and stiffness in your finger joints and muscles, but also to rebuild and rejuvenate your hands?

Are You Beginning To Despair About The Accumulative Long Term Effects Of Arthritis?

If you answered "yes", then listen carefully to what I have to say. For over a decade now, we have been totally involved in the science behind a special light therapy treatment. It’s natural, effective, and helps to dramatically relieve pain. But, that’s not all it does. This incredible “vital energy” therapy can actually help to rejuvenate the soft tissues in your hands.

FIR Therapy Maximizes The Health Of Your Hands & Fingers!

Arthritis literally means "the painful inflammation, redness and swelling of your joints". This condition can be due to wear and tear from your hands being adversely overworked.

Prolotex™ Therapy Gloves are light, comfortable, and can be worn 24hrs a day. If your work doesn’t permit gloves, just wear them at night.

Prolotex™ material is impregnated with a special patented formula of bio-ceramics that emit and reflect the healing power of far infrared rays (FIR) deep into the soft tissues of your hands. FIR increases the circulation at the molecular level.

By stimulating the tiny capillaries and veins in your hands & fingers to dilate, fresh oxygenated blood containing vital nutrients, can reach afflicted areas. Swelling is reduced, accumulated toxins are released, and the healing process is promoted.

So, exactly what is far infrared? And what’s it got to do with soothing your arthritis?

I must admit when I first heard about “far infrared technology”, I was at a total loss as to what the “magic” was behind how the thing works. And certainly had no idea just how beneficial the power of far infrared therapy can be in treating arthritis.

Let me begin by explaining the basics about Far Infrared (FIR) and its wonderful and powerful healing effects it can have on your hands.

Far Infrared Rays (FIR) are part of the "safe" natural light spectrum and are extremely beneficial to improving your health. Discover the science of far infrared light for yourself.

2011-09-24T10:11:00.000-07:00

Breaking Out: A Woman's Guide to Coping with Acne at Any Age by Lydia Preston
See all pages with references to "Albert Kligman".
Excerpt - on Page 17: " ... BREAKING FREE 17 "My view is that counting pimples doesn't tell you how serious the disease is," declares Dr. Albert Kligman. "Every month you get two pimples? ... "
Key Phrases: United States, New York, Alan Shalita, Gerd Plewig, Albert Kligman, Laurie Polis, acne experts, acne patients, women with acne, sebaceous follicles, acnes bacteria, acne products (see more)
Key Phrases: United States, New York, Alan Shalita, Gerd Plewig, Albert Kligman, Laurie Polis, Marianne O'Donoghue, Susan Bershad, African American, San Francisco, Richard Fried, Tina Alster, acne experts, acne patients, women with acne, sebaceous follicles, acnes bacteria, acne products, serious acne, benzoyl peroxide product, inflammatory acne, topical retinoids, nonablative lasers, acne medicines, acne treatment, acne drugs, premenstrual acne, acne therapy, comedonal acne, acne lesions, collagen remodeling, treating acne, acne worse, moderate acne, many dermatologists, inflamed lesions, psychiatric side effects (see less)

Prevention's Healing with Vitamins: The Most Effective Vitamin And Mineral Treatments For Everyday Health Problems And Serious Disease by The Editors of Prevention Health Books
See all pages with references to "Albert Kligman".
Excerpt - on Page 59: " ... says Retin-A creator Albert Kligman, M.D., Ph.D., professor of dermatology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medi- cine and an attending physician at the ... "
Key Phrases: Daily Value, United States, New York City, Human Nutrition Research Center, New Jersey, North Carolina, healthy molecules from harm, micrograms daily should, doctor before taking magnesium supplements, sub scurvy, people experience diarrhea, taking anticoagulant drugs (see more)
Key Phrases: Daily Value, United States, New York City, Human Nutrition Research Center, New Jersey, North Carolina, University of California, Tufts University, Department of Agriculture, Harvard Medical School, Nutrient Daily Amount Beta-carotene, Los Altos, Menopause Self-Help Center, University of Alabama, Los Angeles, San Diego, Chapel Hill, Harvard University, Yale University, Ann Arbor, Boston University Medical Center, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Columbia University, Harvard School of Public Health, Recommended Dietary Allowance, healthy molecules from harm, micrograms daily should, doctor before taking magnesium supplements, sub scurvy, people experience diarrhea, taking anticoagulant drugs, blank pills, taking supplemental magnesium, doctor for proper diagnosis, people with cystic fibrosis, inositol nicotinate, stealing electrons, own electrons, international units, good food sources, dietary tips, cooked oysters, steal electrons, magnesium gluconate (see less)

2011-09-24T10:10:00.000-07:00

Health Guide: Alzheimer's Disease
Free articles and multimedia from The Times, including information on symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, tests, and surgical procedures, as well as current news and interviews with leading experts.
Johnson & Johnson Buys Access to an Alzheimer’s Drug
By DAVID JOLLY
July 3, 2009 - By DAVID JOLLY
Doctor Noted Astor Said She Was 'Gaga' on Day Will Was Changed
By JOHN ELIGON
June 26, 2009 - By JOHN ELIGON - 552 words

Astor's Doctor Tells of Years of Decline
By JOHN ELIGON
June 25, 2009 - By JOHN ELIGON - 413 words

Night Care
By CARA BUCKLEY and JAMES ESTRIN
June 14, 2009 - By CARA BUCKLEY and JAMES ESTRIN - 2228 words
Night Watch
NYREGION: From Dusk to Dawn
Witness Says Astor's Staff Helped Mask Her Decline
By JOHN ELIGON
May 6, 2009 - By JOHN ELIGON - 707 words
VITAL SIGNS; Prelude to Alzheimer's Memory Trouble
By ERIC NAGOURNEY
May 5, 2009 - By ERIC NAGOURNEY - 227 words

TELEVISION; HBO Puts Alzheimer's Under the Microscope
By ELIZABETH JENSEN
May 3, 2009 - By ELIZABETH JENSEN - 1218 words

QUESTIONS FOR MARIA SHRIVER; In the Twilight
Interview by DEBORAH SOLOMON
April 26, 2009 - Interview by DEBORAH SOLOMON - 654 words

Trial Expected to Hinge On Astor's Competence During Will Revisions
By JOHN ELIGON
March 30, 2009 - By JOHN ELIGON - 1176 words
Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next »

2011-09-24T09:51:00.000-07:00

Treating Parkinson's Disease

A Parkinson's disease treatment plan is a highly individualized, evolving method of keeping disease symptoms in control. Depending on your overall health, how well you respond to your initial medications, and how severe your Parkinson's symptoms are, your doctor will customize treatments to help you cope with the disease over time.
Here's what you should know about Parkinson's disease treatment.

Drug Risks

Here's what all patients should know about the long-term side effects of Parkinson's medication.

Alternative Treatments

Learn about complementary Parkinson's treatments.

Parkinson's Treatment Research

Find out more about Parkinson’s disease research.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive, chronic illness that affects many different aspects of your life and physical well-being. For this reason, seeking care from several different types of specialists is the best way to stay well.
Learn about who should be on your Parkinson's treatment team.

A variety of Parkinson's disease medications have been developed to help replace lost dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain that aids in movement and can bring on a variety of symptoms when deficient. But these medications don't come without risks.
Get the facts on controlling Parkinson’s symptoms with medication.

Though Parkinson's medications are the first line of treatment to manage symptoms, other effective strategies, like deep brain stimulation, are available. This surgical procedure works to override signals in the brain that cause Parkinson's symptoms.
Find out how deep brain stimulation treats Parkinson’s symptoms.

Medications, in combination with physical therapy, speech therapy, psychotherapy, and others, help Parkinson's disease patients better manage day-to-day life. These targeted therapies can improve difficult symptoms.
Learn why Parkinson’s therapy should include more than just medication.

Amantadine
Amantadine is also used to treat Parkinson's disease and "... amantadine to treat Parkinson symptoms , do not stop...
Zyvox
Parkinson's disease or restless leg syndrome, or an... medication to treat Parkinson's disease or restless leg...
Pavabid Plateau
Parkinson's disease . You may not be able to take... Parkinson's disease . You may need a change in your...

Is There A Link Between Restless Legs Syndrome And Parkinson S Disease?
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by an extremely uncomfortable...
How Can Restless Leg Syndrome Be Treated Other Than Taking The Drug Ropinirole?
Ropinirole (Requip) and pramipexole (Mirapex), both used to treat Parkinson s disease, have been...
What Is A Good Medicine For Restless Legs Syndrome?
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is defined by... drugs are also used to treat Parkinson ...

Ads by Google

2011-09-24T09:38:00.000-07:00

While it is thought that some combination of genetic and environmental factors is what likely causes Parkinson's disease, researchers do not yet know the exact cause of this progressive, disabling disorder. But there is evidence that some people may be at higher risk of developing the disease than others.

Parkinson’s Disease Risk Factors

Research studies have identified the following as Parkinson's disease risk factors:

Age. Advancing age is the factor that is most consistently associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. The average age of Parkinson's disease onset is 60, and most people who get Parkinson's disease develop the condition after age 50. Only 5 to 10 percent of people get Parkinson's disease before the age of 40. These cases are more likely to be related to genetics.
Gender. Men are at slightly higher risk of developing Parkinson's disease. It is unclear if this may be because men have traditionally had greater exposure to some environmental factors that increase the risk of its development.
Family history. Having a parent or sibling with Parkinson's disease is thought to nearly double your risk of developing the disease. Five to 10 percent of people who have Parkinson's disease also have a family member with it.
Gene variation. In a recent study, researchers found that a variation in the alpha-synuclein gene is associated with a greater risk of getting Parkinson's disease. This gene is involved in blocking toxins from being properly disposed of in the brain, leading to the death of healthy brain cells. Other gene abnormalities are also being studied.
Head injury. There is evidence that people who have experienced head injuries that knocked them unconscious may be at an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease.
Environmental toxins. Heavy or prolonged occupational exposure to certain toxins, including manganese and other metals, as well as certain pesticides and herbicides, have been associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's-like conditions. ·
Medications. People who have used sleeping pills or anti-anxiety or antidepressant medications for one year or more may be at increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. However, it is possible that this finding may simply be because depression and anxiety may occur very early in Parkinson’s disease, even before Parkinson’s is diagnosed — not because these drugs bring on Parkinson’s.

Factors That Protect Against Parkinson’s Disease

2011-08-31T01:52:00.000-07:00

http://www.getinsidehealth.com/?origin=13_global_en_linkedin_linkedin-com___general

2010-01-28T03:13:00.000-08:00

Your Integrative Health and Wellness Resource

2009-10-16T03:10:00.000-07:00

Skin & Beauty In-Depth
Skin Care Basics
Aging Skin
Cosmetic Procedures
Skin Conditions
Beauty Tips
See All Skin & Beauty Articles
See All Skin & Beauty Q&As

2009-10-16T02:48:00.000-07:00

about hair and skin

www.everydayhealth.com:

Are You Losing Your Hair?
Persistent Skin Infections
See all articles on Skin Care & Beauty

2009-10-16T02:30:00.000-07:00

Coping with Cold Sores
Most people who suffer from cold sores can spot the signs from a mile away, but managing a sore when it comes along is another story.

There are two types of herpes simplex viruses. HSV-1 is the main cause of oral herpes, or cold sores. HSV-2 causes most cases of genital herpes, although HSV-1 can cause it, too.
More than 90 percent of people have been exposed to HSV-1 by the time they reach their 40s. It is transmitted by kissing or other contact with saliva. The first sign of a cold sore is pain, burning, or tingling followed about 24 hours later by a tender bump, which quickly becomes a blister. Within a week, the blister opens, leaving a shallow ulcer that crusts over and heals.
About 45 million people in the United States have genital herpes, a sexually transmitted disease that usually spreads through kissing, contact with infected skin, and intercourse. Small, itchy, burning blisters form in the genital area and, in some people, around the mouth. A pregnant woman with HSV infection can pass the virus to her baby during delivery, causing infections of the baby's skin, mouth, lungs, or eyes.
Symptoms of both may occur just once or in recurrent bouts. Cold sores usually appear for no apparent reason, but they can be triggered by intense exposure to sunlight, fever, skin trauma, menstruation, and emotional distress. Once you are infected with a herpes simplex virus, it remains in the body for the rest of your lifeSymptoms of herpes simplex:
Tender bump or cold sore that develops into a blister on the lips or inside the mouth (oral herpes)
Small blisters in the genital area (genital herpes)
Itching, burning, and soreness (oral and genital herpes)
Pain during urination from contact (genital herpes)
Enlarged or painful lymph nodes in the groin (genital herpes)
Headache, fever, and generally sick feeling (genital herpes
More Articles in Skin Conditions:
Are You Losing Your Hair?
Persistent Skin Infections
See all articles on Skin Care & Beauty
From the Harvard Health Publications Special Health Report, Skin Care and Repair. Copyright 2007 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Illustrations by Harriet Greenfield, M.A. and Michael Linkinhoker. All rights reserved. Written permission is required to reproduce, in any manner, in whole or in part, the material contained herein. To make a reprint request, contact Harvard Health Publications. Used with permission of StayWell.

2009-05-27T12:08:00.000-07:00

Rheumatoid Arthritis In-Depth
Rheumatoid Arthritis Basics
Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis
Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment
Rheumatoid Arthritis Management
Rheumatoid Arthritis Caregiving
See All Rheumatoid Arthritis Articles
See All Rheumatoid Arthritis Q&As

2009-05-27T11:53:00.000-07:00

Fish Oil, Ginger, and Turmeric for Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Learn about some of the commonly used supplements to relieve rheumatoid arthritis symptoms — and find out whether they'll work for you.
By Madeline Vann, MPH
Medically reviewed by Cynthia Haines, MD
Email
In your search for relief from the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, you might hear or read about spices and dietary supplements that are said to help ease symptoms. But before you reach for these on your kitchen — or grocery store — shelf, find out how such supplements could fit into your rheumatoid arthritis treatment plan.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment: Supplements According to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) at the National Institutes of Health, a variety of complementary and alternative therapies (including herbal and dietary supplements) claim to be helpful for RA. While NCCAM is sponsoring several clinical trials to test these claims, those with rheumatoid arthritis should not stop traditional — and more proven — treatments in favor of these supplements until talking with their doctor. Doing so could cause more harm than good.
All herbal and dietary supplements have the potential to interfere with your regular medications or cause other unwanted side effects such as an allergic reaction, so arming yourself with the nuts and bolts of these supplements — and discussing them with your doctor before taking them — is essential.
Some of the most commonly known supplements marketed for rheumatoid arthritis include:
Borage oil comes from a plant and contains omega-6 fatty acids, which are thought to offer people with rheumatoid arthritis some relief from pain and joint stiffness. One recent study showed success in using borage oil to reduce pain and inflammation in people with rheumatoid arthritis. According to NCCAM, however, results of studies involving borage oil for rheumatoid arthritis have not been conclusive. And caution is in order: Borage oil and other oils that contain omega-6 fatty acids, such as evening primrose oil, can increase bleeding and bruising. NCCAM also warns that borage oil is made with an additive that may increase liver damage.
The appropriate dose of borage oil varies with each individual. Discuss what is appropriate for you with your rheumatologist. Borage oil supplements are available at many pharmacies and natural food stores.
Capsaicin cream is a numbing agent that comes from cayenne peppers. The cream is rubbed onto joints that are sore and inflamed. Studies suggest that this cream is modestly effective in reducing joint pain if it is used daily. Side effects can include a burning sensation after application. This cream is available online and at some pharmacies and health food stores. Follow your doctor's recommendations for use.
Cod liver oil, a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, is the only dietary supplement that has been strongly associated with relieving symptoms such as inflammation and pain among people with rheumatoid arthritis. "It has [results] similar to non-steroidal drugs like ibuprofen and can be used safely," says Robert W. Hoffman, DO, professor and chief of the division of rheumatology and immunology in the department of medicine at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. "It also has cardiovascular protective benefits."
The risks of cod liver oil include increased bleeding and bruising and possible exposure to mercury from the original codfish. Research has shown 10 grams of cod liver oil daily to have a positive effect on joint pain, but there are no official recommendations about dosing. Cod liver oil is available in gel tablet forms at pharmacies, some grocery stores, and health food stores.
Flaxseed oil, which comes from ground flax seeds, also contains omega-3 fatty acids. This oil is available in gel capsules and as in oil form for salad dressings or foods, but it must be kept refrigerated. Adults can take about 3,000 milligrams a day. It is available at pharmacies, health food stores, and some grocery stores.
Ginger is a spice that comes from the root of the ginger plant. It can be ground up to a powder, used fresh, boiled as a tea, or crystallized. Ginger has been used in Ayurvedic medicine (ancient medical practices native to India) for hundreds of years to fight inflammation. Data from scientific studies is scarce and inconclusive, but at least one study has shown ginger to help relieve some of the pain and swelling experienced by people with RA. Ginger can be bought at grocery stores as a spice, tea, crystallized candy, or a fresh root. It is available in capsule form as well. It can be used daily, but you should not use more than four grams each day.
Thunder god vine (TGV) is made from the root of a plant native to China, Japan, and Korea. It has been used in Chinese medicine to fight autoimmune diseases. Some studies in the United States suggest that taking TGV extract can help relieve RA symptoms. However, NCCAM notes that there is no safe product containing TGV available in the United States. It can be acquired through Chinese sources or Chinese medicine practitioners, who will make a recommendation about the appropriate dose.
Turmeric is a spice that, like ginger, has played a role in ancient Ayurvedic practices as an inflammation fighter. Research into its effectiveness is ongoing. At least one study has shown that taking turmeric daily can help relieve morning stiffness and joint pain. Turmeric is available as a ground spice, in capsules, and as a cream. Curcumin is the active ingredient that addresses inflammation. Taking too much turmeric can cause stomach problems such as ulcers. About 1,200 milligrams a day is what is typically recommended. It can be bought at health food stores and grocery stores.
Rheumatoid Arthritis and a Healthy Diet Although many supplements are available in pill form, it may be a healthier — and less expensive — to turn to your diet for pain relief.
A diet rich in fruit and vegetables is also a diet rich in antioxidants, which also play a role in fighting inflammation. "All RA patients should eat a healthy, balanced diet," says John M. Stuart, MD, professor of medicine and rheumatology at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. "There is good evidence that diets rich in antioxidants may have at least modest long-term benefits."
If you decide to go the supplement route, talk to your doctor — together you can construct a "supplementary" plan that is right for you.
This section created and produced exclusively by the editorial staff of EverydayHealth.com. © 2009 EverydayHealth.com; all rights reserved.
Articles in Treatment
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Advances in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment
10 Types of Complementary Treatments to Reduce RA Pain
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Treat Your Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain

2009-05-23T11:47:00.000-07:00

Yoga reduces lower-back pain.
Several studies suggest that yoga can help ease the ache. One of the most recent, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine in 2005, found that yoga does an even better job at relieving lower-back pain than traditional exercises.

Yoga can help you lose weight.
How much depends on the type, how often you do it, and your diet (of course). More-athletic styles—most notably ashtanga, a.k.a. power yoga—burn more calories and help build more muscle (which translates into an even higher number of calories torched) than more-meditative versions. A 150-pound woman can work off more than 460 calories during a single hour of power yoga (versus around 170 calories for a traditional yoga session). Many celebrities, including Serena Williams, love how yoga helps them stay in shape.

Yoga cures asthma
Many asthma patients believe doing certain types of breathing techniques can help reduce their symptoms. But research published in the medical journal Thorax suggests that yogic breathing isn’t one of them: Participants who used a device that mimicked the breathing technique pranayama saw no improvement in their asthma symptoms.

Yoga can ease carpal tunnel pain. TRUE
In a study published in The Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers found that a yoga regimen can help relieve pain and improve grip strength in people with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Yoga makes your skin look younger. FALSE
We’ve seen books and Web sites that make this claim, but yoga alone can’t improve your skin (although it can relax your facial muscles). Making healthy yogic choices, however, like exercising, going easy on the alcohol, and getting enough rest, certainly can’t hurt.

By Dana Sullivan

2009-05-22T00:37:00.000-07:00

Surprising Things That Give You Headaches

You’ve been staring at the computer for hours. You’ve worked late all week and have in-laws coming this weekend. You have a raging case of PMS. Eyestrain, stress, and hormonal shifts are fairly common causes of headaches, which afflict 45 million Americans (most of them women). But sometimes the usual suspects don’t explain that pain in your head. That’s because some triggers are just plain weird—like perfume, storms, earrings … or even orgasms. Here’s how to identify the source of your headache so you can send it packing.
Perfume“Strong scents bother me instantly,” says Bethany Hegedus, 35, a writer and receptionist from Brooklyn, New York. She can get a headache from a whiff of Lovely by Sarah Jessica Parker or a stroll past a Yankee Candle. Her sense of smell is so acute that she can sniff out whether a co-worker has changed laundry detergents or hand lotions, a degree of sensitivity common among scent-driven headache sufferers. The headaches can be fleeting if exposure is brief—or they can last all day.
Why it hurts: Strong odors may activate the nose’s nerve cells, which stimulate the nerve system associated with head pain. Ironically, the offending scents are often pleasant, says Vincent Martin, MD, a headache specialist at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine.
What to do: Avoid perfumes, strong household cleansers, fragranced soaps and shampoos, and air fresheners. That’s a challenge when just about everything these days is “Clothesline Clean” or “Citrus Fresh,” but Hegedus does her best with unscented laundry detergent and deodorant, and wears no fragrances. At the office, she politely asks colleagues not to wear heavy perfumes. And if all else fails? “I keep a bottle of Excedrin Extra Strength at my desk,” she says.
That remedy has aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine, a combination endorsed by several medical organizations for migraine and tension headaches. However, you might want to try aspirin or acetaminophen individually rather than mixed together with caffeine, says Andrew Charles, MD, director of the Headache Research and Treatment Center at the University of Calofirnia, Los Angeles, School of Medicine. Frequent use of medicines with caffeine can lead to dependency and “rebound” headaches, the kind that come right back as soon as the meds wear off. Aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen treat pain and the inflammation often associated with headaches. Acetaminophen fights pain, but not inflammation. (Another caveat: If over-the-counter meds don’t help, a trip to the neurologist may be needed, Martin says.)
WeatherStudies show that the headache-prone are especially attuned to changes in barometric pressure, rising temperatures, high humidity, lightning, and cloudy skies. Rebecca Kinney, a 31-year-old librarian from Newton, Massachusetts, calls herself a human barometer. Gray skies and rain-on-the-way trigger excruciating pain. “The headache is usually on one side of my head, and it pulsates, as if someone is drilling into me,” she says.
Why it hurts: The meteorological shifts are thought to trigger chemical and electrical changes in the brain that irritate nerves—sometimes causing fairly dramatic pain. In fact, “50 to 60 percent of migraine patients will identify a weather change as the trigger for their headaches,” Martin says.
What to do: On bad-weather days, Kinney puts an ice compress on her eyes in the morning. “Sometimes I can catch the headache before it gets worse,” she says. Another trick: Record your symptoms and the weather to piece together patterns. Then check out the “Aches and Pains” forecast on Weather.com (click on “Healthy Living”); it breaks down how the day is dawning in terms of temperature, barometric pressure, and wind patterns. Pretreat with 400 milligrams of ibuprofen a day or two before expected weather changes, says Mark W. Green, MD, director of headache medicine at Columbia University. (Naproxen or aspirin may work, as well.)
Earrings, headbands, and ponytailsSome people say the roots of their hair hurt when they get a headache. Kinney describes it as a “hair cramp.” Other women swear that their earrings can lead to head pain. And they’re all … correct!
Why it hurts: The muscle groups around your scalp don’t have pain fibers, but their connective tissues do. “Ponytail headaches” result when tightly pulled hair irritates the muscle system. And your swingy up-do isn’t the only thing contributing to your pain: Tight-fitting hats, headbands, and heavy earrings are also culprits, says Stephen Silberstein, MD, director of the Jefferson Headache Center at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia. Why earrings? It’s possible that earrings can pull on that same connective tissue. But some studies suggest that skin sensitivity around your scalp, face, and ears often accompanies a migraine. The earring supersensitivity could be a sign that a migraine’s coming, but not the cause of the headache.
What to do: It probably didn’t take a study in the journal Headache to tell you that loosening your ponytail relieves a ponytail ache. Researchers have found that this simple action decreased headache pain within 30 minues, and, in some cases, instantly. Kinney makes a conscious effort to reposition her ponytail throughout the day. Typically, the thicker your hair or the heavier your headwear, the more likely you’ll experience this type of headache. Best bet: Save tight up-dos and heavy earrings for nights out, when you won’t be wearing them for long.
HungerThere’s a reason some nutrition gurus recommend that we eat several small meals a day: It keeps our blood sugar on an even keel. Dieting, fasting, skipping lunch—they all can cause you to bottom out, which may trigger a headache.
Why it hurts: Experts believe low blood sugar may stimulate nerve pathways that bring on these common headaches, but the exact mechanism is murky.
What to do: Uh, eat? Exactly. But remember that what you grab may play a role in whether your headache returns. “Sugar headaches” may occur when we binge on sweets on an empty stomach. The spike in blood sugar ratchets insulin levels, which eventually cause blood sugar to sink even lower. Instead, balance a protein with a complex carbohydrate, such as fish and brown rice, or a snack of whole-wheat toast with almond butter. Martin adds that eating foods rich in magnesium (spinach, beans, nuts, and seeds) and riboflavin (dairy products, lean meats, leafy greens, enriched breads and cereals) may prevent and alleviate head pain. Riboflavin is a B vitamin; large doses are thought to help prevent migraines.
Bear in mind, too, that cheese, chocolate, lunch meats, caffeine, and additives such as monosodium glutamate (MSG) may trigger headaches. In general, if you suffer from moderate, severe, or frequent headaches (more than two a week), consult a headache specialist about your diet. You may need to keep a food diary to hunt for culprits.
Sex!“Coital headaches” (not the “Not tonight, honey” variety) can occur during foreplay or right before orgasm. Marked by a general head pain, these headaches typically last from a few minutes to an hour.
Why it hurts: It’s probably a type of “exertion headache,” Silberstein says. During arousal, the culprit is likely pressure building up in the head and neck muscles. And orgasm sometimes requires a lot of “work.” Running, coughing, sneezing, even straining during a bowel movement, can lead to similar pain.
What to do: Most exertion headaches can be pretreated with ibuprofen or naproxen, Martin says. But be careful: An orgasmic headache, if it’s your first, may point to an underlying condition, such as an aneurysm, that merits a doctor’s attention. If your headaches occur during G-rated workouts, an activity switch can help—from aerobics, say, to biking. These headaches usually aren’t a reason to quit having fun. “Just ease into it,” Silberstein says.
By Alicia Potter

2009-01-30T02:33:00.000-08:00

The Prepregnancy Diet

Now that you're trying to conceive, it's time to overhaul your eating habits. Here's how to get started.

Are you gearing up for baby-making? Here are five things you can do to improve your diet and safeguard your (and your baby-to-be's) health.

1. Become a fool for folic acid (folate). Studies show that the earlier you start getting enough of this vital vitamin — ideally, before you conceive — the lower the chances that your baby will develop neural tube defects (such as spina bifida). Where can you find folic? Most leafy green vegetables and whole grains are naturally full of it — plus, it's added to most refined grain products (by law). Want extra insurance? Taking a prenatal supplement is an easy way to buy it — and when it comes to folic acid, you can't be too careful (after all, a three-salad-a-day habit is a worthy goal — but one you may not always manage to reach). Since you're in this for the long haul, and even after you've overhauled your eating habits, a supplement can be the most realistic way to fit folic acid in day after day after day (especially once you find those days filled with nausea). Choose a prenatal supplement with 400 to 600 mcg (micrograms) of folic acid to be sure you're getting your fill.

2. Junk the junk food. Reduce refined sugars and white flour (in the form of your usual suspects — cookies, doughnuts, Danish, cake, candy, and almost anything else you might grab from the vending machine, the coffee cart, the convenience store racks, the pastry shop display case…you get the picture). Slash saturated fats (sub a side salad for the fries; grilled chicken for the extra crispy) — less is better for your baby, plus a high intake of such fats appears to increase the risk of severe pregnancy nausea and vomiting. (Uh, thanks but no thanks.)

3. Relish the right stuff. Increase all the good things that your body (and your baby-to-be's body) needs: green leafies (those delicious salads), yummy yellows (apricots, carrots, papaya, mango), hearty whole grains (whole-wheat bread, brown rice, oatmeal), and low-fat dairy. (Got milk? Yogurt? Cheese? You should!)

4. Stop being a meal skipper. Are you always more interested in catching the train than breaking for breakfast? Working through lunch instead of eating it? Skip a meal when you're eating for two (which you soon will be) and baby skips it too. Get into the three-squares habit now so that when baby's on board, he or she will be getting a steady supply of nutrients throughout the day.

5. Take a clear-eyed look at your dietary habits. Might any of them stand in your way of eating well? Do you think you might have an eating disorder that needs prepregnancy treatment, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia? Are you on a restricted diet (either self-imposed or due to a chronic condition) that might need to be adapted once you're eating for two, such as macrobiotic, vegan, or diabetic? Now's the time to discuss any of these factors with your practitioner — and to enlist the help of a dietitian if your eating habits need reshaping. Support groups (especially in the case of an eating disorder) can also help you get your nutritional status back where it should be.

Related Reading:

Foods to Enjoy (and Avoid)

Get Your Weight Under Control

Getting Pregnant

2008-12-30T12:48:00.000-08:00

Massage therapy

practice that dates back thousands of years. There are many types of massage therapy; all involve manipulating the muscles and other soft tissues of the body. In the United States, massage therapy is sometimes part of conventional medicine. In other instances, it is part of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). This Backgrounder provides a general overview of massage therapy used as CAM and suggests some resources you can use to learn more.

People use massage therapy as CAM for a variety of health-related purposes, from treating specific diseases and conditions to general wellness.
Scientists do not fully know what changes occur in the body during massage, whether they influence health, and, if so, how. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) is sponsoring studies to answer these questions and identify the purposes for which massage may be most helpful.
There appear to be few risks to massage therapy if it is used appropriately and provided by a trained massage professional.
Tell your health care providers about any CAM therapy you are considering or using, including massage therapy. This helps to ensure safe and coordinated care.
Introduction to Massage Therapy

The term massage therapy (also called massage, for short; massage also refers to an individual treatment session) covers a group of practices and techniques. There are over 80 types of massage therapy. In all of them, therapists press, rub, and otherwise manipulate the muscles and other soft tissues of the body, often varying pressure and movement. They most often use their hands and fingers, but may use their forearms, elbows, or feet. Typically, the intent is to relax the soft tissues, increase delivery of blood and oxygen to the massaged areas, warm them, and decrease pain.

A few popular examples of this therapy are as follows:
In Swedish massage, the therapist uses long strokes, kneading, and friction on the muscles and moves the joints to aid flexibility.
A therapist giving a deep tissue massage uses patterns of strokes and deep finger pressure on parts of the body where muscles are tight or knotted, focusing on layers of muscle deep under the skin.
In trigger point massage (also called pressure point massage), the therapist uses a variety of strokes but applies deeper, more focused pressure on myofascial trigger points — "knots" that can form in the muscles, are painful when pressed, and cause symptoms elsewhere in the body as well.
In shiatsu massage, the therapist applies varying, rhythmic pressure from the fingers on parts of the body that are believed to be important for the flow of a vital energy called qi.
History of Massage Therapy

Massage therapy (and, in general, the laying on of hands for health purposes) dates back thousands of years. References to massage have been found in ancient writings from many cultures, including those of Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Japan, China, Egypt, and the Indian subcontinent.

In the United States, massage therapy first became popular and was promoted for a variety of health purposes starting in the mid-1800s. In the 1930s and 1940s, however, massage fell out of favor, mostly because of scientific and technological advances in medical treatments. Interest in massage revived in the 1970s, especially among athletes.

More recently, a 2002 national survey on Americans' use of CAM (published in 2004) found that 5 percent of the 31,000 participants had used massage therapy in the preceding 12 months, and 9.3 percent had ever used it. According to recent reviews, people use massage for a wide variety of health-related intents: for example, to relieve pain (often from musculoskeletal conditions, but from other conditions as well); rehabilitate sports injuries; reduce stress; increase relaxation; address feelings of anxiety and depression; and aid general wellness
Alternative Health In-Depth
The Basics
Mind-Body Connection
Healing Therapies
Treatment Regimens
Holistic Home
All Alternative Health Articles
Everyday Tips for Alternative Health

2008-09-08T03:21:00.000-07:00

Is It Fatigue or Depression?
If you feel blue, tired, and uninterested in activities, you may be suffering from dysthymia, a low-level, persistent form of depression. It's not as severe as major depression, but it can still affect your quality of life.
Learn more about dysthymia.
Treating OCD With Medication
Catch Some ZZZs!
Unraveling the Secrets of Anorexia Nervosa
Write Away the Pain
Moving Beyond the Loss of an Ability
Alcoholism and Depression

2008-09-05T11:31:00.000-07:00

newyork times health news
http://health.nytimes.com/pages/health/index.html

2008-09-05T00:08:00.000-07:00

The natural health search engine

http://www.askdrmao.com/

2008-09-04T23:58:00.000-07:00

Remedies for Under-Eye Dark Circle
The problem is, you may be getting plenty of sleep every night and still wake up with puffy raccoon eyes. Now what? Read on to find out why you get under-eye circles and how to reduce their appearance or get rid of them altogether.

Causes of Dark Circles
Dark circles are often a heredity trait. The skin around our eyes is the most delicate and thinnest skin in the body. Dark circles under the eyes are blood vessels that can be seen through the skin, producing the bluish tint.

Allergies are another common cause of dark circles. When you rub and scratch your itchy eyes, it irritates the skin and can break tiny capillaries beneath the skin, causing puffiness and discoloration. If allergies are the root of your problem, simply treat them or avoid what you're allergic to. If your dark circles or puffiness are constant, you may have an undetected food allergy or an allergy to a chemical in your surroundings. Consult an allergist to determine what you may be allergic to.

Chinese medicine considers dark circles as a sign of weakness in the kidney network. Kidney weakness is due to exhaustion and overstrain coupled with lack of rest and relaxation. Since the kidney network in Chinese medicine governs the hormonal system, it affects the pigment melanin. It is said that unhealthy and depleted kidneys produce pigment deposit under the skin around the eyes and other parts of the face.

Many cosmetic problems can be attributed to vitamin deficiencies. Dark circles and puffiness are often thought to be due to vitamin K deficiency or a lack of antioxidants in the diet.

It is also believed that lack of the mineral iron can cause dark circles. An iron deficiency may point to anemia, which is a potentially serious medical condition that requires treatment. If you believe you may have anemia, see your family doctor to schedule blood work.

Dark circles occur more frequently and are more noticeable with age, because as we get older, our skin loses collagen and becomes thinner and more translucent.

Under-eye Remedies
Reduce the puffiness and lighten your circles with these all-natural solutions.

1. For starters, be sure you are getting seven to nine hours of sleep every night.

2. What you eat counts! Eat a healthy, balanced diet, drink plenty of water, and make sure you are getting all your vitamins and minerals. Be sure to get plenty of fruits and vegetables, especially cabbage, spinach, and other leafy greens. Eat at least 2 cups of organic fresh spinach everyday. Additionally, eat a handful of raw almonds (unsalted and unroasted) between meals. Avoid salty foods, as salt causes the body to retain water, which equals bloating and puffiness that is particularly noticeable under the eye.

3. Asian pear is a juicy and crunchy fruit that has long been prized by Chinese herbalists as a way to lighten under-eye circles. Asian (or Fuji) pears are packed with copper and vitamin C, antioxidant nutrients that help protect you from cellular damage caused by free radicals. When free radicals damage enough skin cells, signs of aging begin to appear. Copper is an essential component of superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that attacks these harmful agents when they enter the body via air pollution and other toxins.

4. Treat your skin while you sleep. Just before bed, lightly wet a washcloth with cold water and place over your eyes as you sleep. By morning, you should see an improvement.

5. Apply cucumber slices or cool tea bags to your eyes. Cucumber slices are famous for their ability to reduce puffiness, and the tannin in tea bags has been found to reduce swelling and discoloration. Lie down, close your eyes, and place fresh cucumber slices or cool, damp caffeinated tea bags over your eyes for about ten minutes every day.

6. Gently apply almond oil under your eye every morning and evening until you see improvement.

7. New skin-care technology has become available through years of intensive research; it is now possible to find creams and other products that can help you combat under-eye circles. A product I suggest is an all-natural anti-aging eye cream that lightens dark circles under the eye.

8. Avoid smoking, as it causes vascular problems that not only threaten your health, but also make your blood vessels appear more prominent under the skin.

Treating your skin will help, but there may also be an underlying cause. Imbalances in your life show up on your face and skin. You may consider seeing a doctor of Oriental Medicine to uncover the root imbalance and improve your overall health.

I hope you will take these tips and put your best face forward.

-Dr. Mao

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

2008-08-05T00:24:00.000-07:00

Emotional Health
Depression Center Emotional Health Center

10 Natural Ways to Beat the Blues

What Is Delusional Disorder?

The 4 "D's" of Depression

6 Tips for Reducing Stress

When Binge Eating Interrupts Your Sleep

Is Depression Bad for the Heart?

2008-08-05T00:22:00.000-07:00

Depression
• What Is Depression?•

Who's at Risk?•

What Causes It?•

Symptoms•

Suicides in the United States•

Diagnosis•

Treatment•

Medications•

Alternative Treatments•

Glossary

2008-07-07T03:21:00.000-07:00

some books about herbal medicine

1/
The Herbal Medicine Maker's Handbook: A Home Manual by James Green
2/
Rosemary Gladstar's Family Herbal: A Guide to Living Life with Energy, Health, and Vitality by Rosemary Gladstar
3/
Yogi Tea Calm, Bedtime, Tea Bags, 16-Count Boxes (Pack of 6) by Yogi
4/
The Natural Testosterone Plan: For Sexual Health and Energy by Stephen Harrod Buhner
5/
Yogi Tea Digest, Organic Ginger,...
6/
Prescription for Herbal Healing: An Easy-to-Use A-Z Reference to Hundreds of Common Disorders and Their Herbal Remedies by Phyllis A. Balch
7/
The Green Pharmacy: The Ultimate Compendium Of Natural Remedies From The World's Foremost Authority On Healing Herbs (Green Pharmacy) by James A. Duke
8/
A Field Guide to Medicinal Plants and Herbs: Of Eastern and Central North America (Peterson Field Guides (R)) by James A. Duke
9/
The Encyclopedia of Natural Remedies by Louise Tenney
10/
Holistic Herbal 4th Edition: A Safe and Practical Guide to Making and Using Herbal Remedies by David Hoffman
11/
Dictionary of the Bach Flower Remedies: Positive and Negative Aspects by T.W. Hyne Jones
12/
The Directory of Essential Oils: Includes More Than 80 Essential Oils by Wanda Sellar
13/
The People's Pharmacy Guide...
14/
Herb, Nutrient, and Drug Interactions: Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Strategies by Mitchell Bebel Stargrove
15/
The Chopra Center Herbal Handbook: Forty Natural Prescriptions for Perfect Health by David Md Simon
16/
The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines by Andrea Peirce
17/
Aromatherapy: Soothing Remedies to Restore, Rejuvenate and Heal by Valerie Gennari Cooksley
18/
Growing & Using Lavender: Storey Country Wisdom Bulletin A-155 (Storey Publishing Bulletin, a-155) by Patricia R. Barrett
19/
The Magical and Ritual Use of Herbs
20/
Llewellyn's 2008 Herbal Almanac
21/
Hygieia: A Woman's Herbal by Jeannine Parvati Baker
22/
Compendium of Herbal Magick by Paul Beyerl
23/
The Master Book of Herbalism by Paul Beyerl
24/
Making Plant Medicine by Richo Cech
25/
Pharmako/Poeia: Plant Powers, Poisons, and Herbcraft by Dale Pendell
26/
PDR for Herbal Medicines, 4th ed. (Physician's Desk Reference (Pdr) for Herbal Medicines) by Joerg Gruenwald
27/
10 Essential Herbs for Lifelong Health: Storey Country Wisdom Bulletin A-218 (Storey Country Wisdom Bulletin) by Barbara L. Heller
28/
Making Herbal Hand Creams and Salves (Storey Country Wisdom Bulletin, a-256) by Norma Pasekoff Weinberg
29/
Green Clean: The Environmentally Sound Gui
30/
How to Grow Fresh Air: 50 House Plants tha... by B. C. Wolverton
31/
Organic Body Care Recipes by Stephanie Tourles

2008-07-07T02:24:00.000-07:00

Search Amazon.com Books for "Albert Kligman"
1/
Prevention's Healing with Vitamins: The Most Effective Vitamin And Mineral Treatments For Everyday Health Problems And Serious Disease by The Editors of Prevention Health Books
See all pages with references to "Albert Kligman".
Excerpt - on Page 59: " ... says Retin-A creator Albert Kligman, M.D., Ph.D., professor of dermatology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medi- cine and an attending physician at the ... "
Key Phrases: Daily Value, United States, New York City, Human Nutrition Research Center, New Jersey, North Carolina, healthy molecules from harm, micrograms daily should, doctor before taking magnesium supplements, sub scurvy, people experience diarrhea, taking anticoagulant drugs (see more)
Key Phrases: Daily Value, United States, New York City, Human Nutrition Research Center, New Jersey, North Carolina, University of California, Tufts University, Department of Agriculture, Harvard Medical School, Nutrient Daily Amount Beta-carotene, Los Altos, Menopause Self-Help Center, University of Alabama, Los Angeles, San Diego, Chapel Hill, Harvard University, Yale University, Ann Arbor, Boston University Medical Center, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Columbia University, Harvard School of Public Health, Recommended Dietary Allowance, healthy molecules from harm, micrograms daily should, doctor before taking magnesium supplements, sub scurvy, people experience diarrhea, taking anticoagulant drugs, blank pills, taking supplemental magnesium, doctor for proper diagnosis, people with cystic fibrosis, inositol nicotinate, stealing electrons, own electrons, international units, good food sources, dietary tips, cooked oysters, steal electrons, magnesium gluconate (see less)

2/

Breaking Out: A Woman's Guide to Coping with Acne at Any Age by Lydia Preston
See all pages with references to "Albert Kligman".
Excerpt - on Page 17: " ... BREAKING FREE 17 "My view is that counting pimples doesn't tell you how serious the disease is," declares Dr. Albert Kligman. "Every month you get two pimples? ... "
Key Phrases: United States, New York, Alan Shalita, Gerd Plewig, Albert Kligman, Laurie Polis, acne experts, acne patients, women with acne, sebaceous follicles, acnes bacteria, acne products (see more)
Key Phrases: United States, New York, Alan Shalita, Gerd Plewig, Albert Kligman, Laurie Polis, Marianne O'Donoghue, Susan Bershad, African American, San Francisco, Richard Fried, Tina Alster, acne experts, acne patients, women with acne, sebaceous follicles, acnes bacteria, acne products, serious acne, benzoyl peroxide product, inflammatory acne, topical retinoids, nonablative lasers, acne medicines, acne treatment, acne drugs, premenstrual acne, acne therapy, comedonal acne, acne lesions, collagen remodeling, treating acne, acne worse, moderate acne, many dermatologists, inflamed lesions, psychiatric side effects (see less)

2008-05-28T04:19:00.000-07:00

The Skin Guru Archives
All Results
Topics:
Skin Conditions
Aging
Beauty & Skin Care
Women's Health
Alternative Medicine
Nutrition
Date:
May 2008
April 2008
March 2008
February 2008
January 2008

2008-05-28T04:13:00.000-07:00

By Leslie Baumann, M.D. Provided by:
The Skin Guru
Skin Care Myths
Post a Comment View All 781 Comments
No element of skin care evokes more questions and claims than anti-aging products. When I'm in a department store or watching TV, I seem to encounter these two myths everywhere I look:
Myth #1: Losing collagen? Put it back with this cream!
It makes sense, right: If collagen loss causes skin sagging and wrinkles, then replenishing collagen should stop aging in its tracks. But it's not so simple.
There's absolutely no scientific evidence that collagen, elastin, or hyaluronic acid - the three main components of your dermis - can penetrate the epidermis. Even "nanotechnology" has not been proven to be able to get these substances into the skin.
The molecules are simply too large. (Quick science lesson: The epidermis is your topmost layer of skin. The dermis, the next layer of skin, is where wrinkle-causing changes take place.) Be wary of creams and lotions that claim to topically replace collagen, elastin, or hyaluronic acid.
Myth #2: If you're going to splurge, splurge on a great night cream.
There's certainly no harm in using a pricey night cream, but I urge my patients to realize that they're often really paying for beautiful packaging, yummy smells, and that daily feeling of pampering.
And there's nothing wrong with that! When it comes to clinical benefits, though, there's no reason to believe that you have to pay big bucks for effective ingredients. In fact, consider the other side: Large cosmetics companies (the ones you can find at your local drugstore) actually have a larger budget for research and development than smaller operations.
Contrary to many products' claims, there is also no evidence that your skin goes through special rejuvenating processes at night that it doesn't go through during the day.
If you're going to spend a chunk of money on any one thing, antioxidant serums are the place to splurge. The best ones have been packaged properly - which is an expensive process. Look for ones in an amber or aluminum tube (or jar) with a small mouth that does not allow air in. Look for ingredients such as Vitamin C and ferulic acid.
Want more help? Talk to your dermatologist about a prescription retinoid (although they are not appropriate if you're pregnant) - that's the only thing proven to diminish existing lines, and it can also help prevent new ones from forming. And yes, it is best to use retinol and retinoids at night, as they're deactivated by the sun.
Wishing you great skin!
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dr. Baumann is author of the best-selling book, " The Skin Type Solution." To learn more about her revolutionary skin typing system, visit her Web site, SkinTypeSolutions.com.
All of Dr. Baumann's recommended skin care products are available online, and a portion of proceeds goes to The Dermatology Foundation.

Meet Leslie Baumann, M.D.
Most Recent Blog Posts
Rose Water: A Gentle Skin Care Option
Self-Tanners: Are They Dangerous?
Does Sunscreen Burn Your Eyes?
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» View All Blog Entries

2008-04-11T04:18:00.000-07:00

Confusion, Memory Loss, and Altered Alertness

Provided by:

It is not unusual to occasionally forget where you put your keys or glasses, where you parked your car, or the name of an acquaintance. As you age, it may take you longer to remember things. Not all older adults have memory changes, but it can be a normal part of aging. This type of memory problem is more often annoying than serious.

Memory loss that begins suddenly or that significantly interferes with your ability to function in daily life may me

an a more serious problem is present.

Dementia is a slow decline in memory, problem-solving ability, learning ability, and judgment that may occur over several weeks to several months. Many health conditions can cause dementia or symptoms similar to dementia. In some cases dementia may be reversible. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in people older than age 65.
Delirium is a sudden change in how well a person's brain is working (mental status). Delirium can cause confusion, change the sleep-wake cycles, and cause unusual behavior. Delirium can have many causes, such as withdrawal from alcohol or drugs or medicines, or the development or worsening of an infection or other health problem.
Amnesia is memory loss that may be caused by a head injury, a stroke, substance abuse, or a severe emotional event, such as from combat or a motor vehicle accident. Depending upon the cause, amnesia may be either temporary or permanent.

Confusion or decreased alertness may be the first symptom of a serious illness, particularly in older adults. Health problems that cause confusion or decreased alertness can include:

Alzheimer's disease.
Asthma or COPD, which cause a decrease in the amount of oxygen or an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood.
Cardiac problems, such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, or irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias), that reduce blood flow.
Problems from diabetes.
Kidney or liver failure, which causes high levels of toxins to build up in the blood.
Malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies caused by problems, such as long-term alcoholism (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome).
Mental health problems, such as depression or schizophrenia.
Thyroid problems, such as hypothyroidism, myxedema coma, or hyperthyroidism.

Alcohol and many prescription and nonprescription medicines can cause confusion or decreased alertness. These problems may develop from:

Taking too much of a medicine (overmedicating). Overuse of medicines may be the single biggest cause of memory loss or confusion in older adults.
Alcohol and medicine interactions. This is a problem, especially for older adults, who may take many medicines at the same time.
Misusing or abusing a medicine or alcohol.
Drug intoxication or the effects of withdrawal.

Other causes of confusion or decreased alertness can include:

A head injury.
Decreased or blocked blood flow to the brain. This may occur during a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a stroke.
Infection, such as a brain abscess, encephalitis, meningitis, or sepsis.
Reye's syndrome (in people age 20 or younger).
Sexually transmitted infections, such as syphilis (late-stage) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
A seizure disorder (epilepsy).
Brain tumors.

Conditions in the environment that can cause changes in the level of consciousness include:

Cold temperature exposure, leading to hypothermia.
High temperature exposure, leading to heatstroke.
Hospitalization. This especially affects older adults when their environment and routines are changed.
Decreased oxygen in the blood (hypoxia) from high altitude.
Exposure to toxins (poisons), such as carbon monoxide.

Many times other symptoms are present, such as a fever, chest pain, or the inability to walk or stand. It is important to look for and tell your doctor about other symptoms you experience when confusion or decreased alertness occurs. This can help your doctor determine the cause of your symptoms.

A decrease in alertness may progress to loss of consciousness. A person who loses consciousness is not awake and is unaware of his or her surroundings. Fainting (syncope) is a form of brief unconsciousness. Coma is a deep, prolonged state of unconsciousness.

Review the Emergencies and Check Your Symptoms sections to determine if and when you need to see a health professional.

Emergencies

Do you have any of the following symptoms that require emergency treatment? Call 911 or other emergency services immediately.

Unconsciousness or inability to respond to touch or voice (unresponsive)
Sudden decreased level of consciousness lasting longer than 1 minute
Signs of shock
Moderate to severe difficulty breathing
Sudden memory loss, confusion, or decreased alertness with any of the following symptoms:
Signs of a stroke
Chest pain, particularly if it is crushing or squeezing, that feels like a heavy weight on the chest, or occurs with any other symptoms of a heart attack
Heart rate changes and irregular heartbeats (arrhythmia), particularly if your pulse rate is less than 50 beats per minute or more than 150 beats per minute. To check your heart rate, see taking a pulse.
Skin changes such as hot, dry, red or flushed skin, even under the armpits.
Tiny purple or red spots (petechiae) or small bruises (purpura) on the skin.
Fear of dying or a sense of impending doom

Confusion or decreased alertness after swallowing, breathing, or injecting an illegal drug or any other potentially poisonous substance

Check Your Symptoms

If you answer yes to any of the following questions, click on the "Yes" in front of the question for information about how soon to see a health professional.

Review health risks that may increase the seriousness of your symptoms.

If you have any of the following symptoms, evaluate those symptoms first.

A head injury: Go to the topic Head Injury, Age 4 and Older.
Cold temperature exposure: Go to the topic Cold Temperature Exposure.
A headache: Go to the topic Headaches.
Heat exposure: Go to the topic Heat-Related Illness.
Seizure: Go to the topic Seizures.
Symptom of poisoning: Go to the topic Poisoning.

Yes

Have you had a recent episode of confusion, decreased alertness, or extreme sleepiness?

See significance of temporary confusion or decreased alertness if you need information to help you answer the questions below.

Review health risks that may increase the seriousness of your symptoms.

Call your health professional immediately if you answer "Yes" to any of the following questions.

Yes

Have you had a change in your mental state, such as a period of confusion?

Yes

Have you had a brief (2 seconds to 1 minute) unexplained episode of decreased alertness?

Yes

Have you had one or more episodes of unexplained, purposeless, repeated body movement?

Yes

Do you feel depressed, and you have not moved, talked, or responded normally to touch or voice for hours or days?

Yes

Do you have decreased alertness and diabetes?

Yes

Do you have decreased alertness and a severe headache?

Yes

Do you have decreased alertness and a stiff neck?

Yes

Do you have decreased alertness and shaking chills?

Yes

Do you have decreased alertness and new, tiny purple or red spots on your skin (petechiae)?

Yes

Do you have decreased alertness and a sudden increase in bruises (purpura)?

Call your health professional today if you answer "Yes" to any of the following questions.

Yes

Do you have a seizure disorder and have you had one or more episodes of unexplained, purposeless, repeated body movement that is different than your usual seizure symptoms?

Yes

Are you very sleepy or hard to wake up but do not have any other symptoms?

If you have answered "No" to the above questions, go back to Check Your Symptoms and continue to answer the questions to evaluate your symptoms.

Yes

Have you fainted (temporary loss of consciousness)?

See significance of fainting (temporary loss of consciousness) if you need information to help you answer the questions below.

Review health risks that may increase the seriousness of your symptoms.

Call your health professional immediately if you answer "Yes" to any of the following questions.

Yes

Have you fainted more than 1 time when trying to stand up?

Yes

Do you also have coronary artery disease, heart failure, or a history of an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)?

Yes

Do you also have high blood pressure or a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

Yes

Do you continue to feel lightheaded after fainting?

Call your health professional today if you answer "Yes" to the following question.

Yes

Did you faint, but you are now fully alert without other symptoms?

If you have answered "No" to the above questions, go back to Check Your Symptoms and continue to answer the questions to evaluate your symptoms.

Yes

Do you think that your symptoms may be caused by alcohol or drugs?

See the significance of alcohol or drugs if you need information to help you answer the questions below.

Review health risks that may increase the seriousness of your symptoms.

Call your health professional immediately if you answer "Yes" to the following question.

Yes

Are you having severe withdrawal symptoms?

Call your health professional today if you answer "Yes" to any of the following questions.

Yes

Do you recognize your need for help and are you willing to be evaluated for possible treatment?

Yes

Do you continue to use alcohol or drugs after completing a treatment program (relapsed)?

If you have answered "No" to the above questions, go back to Check Your Symptoms and continue to answer the questions to evaluate your symptoms.

Yes

Do you think that your symptoms may be caused by a medicine?

See significance of a medicine if you need information to help you answer the questions below.

Review health risks that may increase the seriousness of your symptoms.

Note:

If your answer to any of the questions below is "yes":

Call the health professional who prescribed the medicine today. He or she can determine whether you should stop taking the medicine or take a different one. An appointment may or may not be needed.
If you are taking nonprescription medicine, stop taking the medicine. Call your health professional if you feel you need to continue taking the medicine or if you need help to control your symptoms after you stop taking the medicine.

Call your health professional immediately if you answer "Yes" to any of the following questions.

Yes

Do you think that a medicine is causing you to feel confused?

Yes

Do you think that a medicine is causing decreased alertness?

Call your health professional today if you answer "Yes" to any of the following questions.

Yes

Do you think that a medicine is causing memory loss?

Yes

Did you experience confusion or decreased alertness after you began taking a new medicine, but you feel fine now?

Yes

Did confusion or decreased alertness start after you stopped taking a medicine?

If you have answered "No" to the above questions, go back to Check Your Symptoms and continue to answer the questions to evaluate your symptoms.

Yes

Are you having problems with memory, judgment, or problem solving?

See significance of problems with memory, judgment, or problem solving if you need information to help you answer the questions below.

Review health risks that may increase the seriousness of your symptoms.

Call your health professional immediately if you answer "Yes" to the following question.

Yes

Have you had a sudden complete loss of memory (amnesia)?

You need an appointment within the next 1 to 2 weeks if you answer "Yes" to any of the following questions.

Yes

Are you having ongoing or a gradually increasing difficulty with daily tasks, such as getting dressed, preparing a meal, or shopping?

Yes

Do you find that it is increasingly difficult to learn and remember new information?

Yes

Do you frequently forget recent events or appointments or have difficulty remembering familiar information?

Yes

Do you frequently get lost when walking or driving to familiar places?

Yes

Do you frequently misplace things?

Yes

Are you having an ongoing or a gradually increasing difficulty handling complex but familiar tasks, such as balancing your checkbook?

Yes

Are you having an ongoing or a gradually increasing difficulty knowing what to do when problems occur, such as knowing what to do if the bathroom floods?

Yes

Do you often show poor judgment, such as unsafe or rude behavior or conversation?

If you have answered "No" to the above questions, go back to Check Your Symptoms and continue to answer the questions to evaluate your symptoms.

Other Symptoms to Watch For

Do you have any of the following symptoms?

Dizziness, lightheadedness, or vertigo: Go to the topic Dizziness: Lightheadedness and Vertigo.
Fever: Go to the topic Fever, Age 4 and Older.
Weakness or fatigue: Go to the topic Weakness and Fatigue.

If a visit to a health professional is not needed immediately, see the Home Treatment section for self-care information.

Home Treatment

As you age, it is normal to experience some memory lapses. Usually, an occasional memory lapse does not mean you have a serious problem. The following are some steps you can take to improve your memory.

Focus your attention. Often forgetfulness may mean that you have too much on your mind. Slow down and pay full attention to the task you are doing now.
Stick to a routine. Complete common tasks in the same order each time you do them.
Structure your environment to help improve your memory.
- Use calendars and clocks.
- Use lists, notes, and other helpful devices as reminders.
- Write your daily activities on a calendar or daily planner, and keep it in a place where you can see it easily.
- Store easy-to-lose items in the same place each time after you use them. For example, install a hook by the door and hang your keys from it every time you come in.
Try memory tricks, such as the following:
- To remember a person's name, repeat it several times after being introduced.
- To recall numbers, group them and then relate them to a date or story. For example, if your personal identification number (PIN) is 2040, remember it with the phrase “20 plus 20 equals 40.” Use the same PIN number for all of your accounts, if possible.
- Retrace your steps if you can't remember why you went into a room.
Reduce your stress. Being anxious can impair your memory. For more information, see the topic Stress Management.
Review all your prescription and nonprescription medicines and dosages with your health professional or pharmacist. Many medicines, by themselves or in combination with other medicines, can cause mental confusion. Also, confusion may occur when medicines interact in your body. If you see several health professionals, make sure that they all know what other medicines you are taking. Have all of your prescriptions filled at the same pharmacy. Ask your health professional or pharmacist whether the combination of your medicines could cause problems.

Ginkgo biloba is a popular herbal treatment for memory problems. Before using any treatment for a memory problem, discuss the potential risks and benefits of the treatment with your health professional.

Living with a family member who has a decline in memory, problem-solving ability, learning ability, or judgment (dementia) is difficult. To ensure your family member's health and safety, give him or her short instructions when teaching a new task. Break the task down into simple steps. You may find it helpful to give the person written instructions.

Symptoms to Watch For During Home Treatment

Use the Check Your Symptoms section to evaluate your symptoms if any of the following occur during home treatment.

Loss of function, confusion, or decreasing alertness develops.
A memory problem develops.
Symptoms become more frequent or severe.

Prevention

You can sometimes reduce the impact of age-related memory problems. The saying "use it or lose it" applies to your memory. Your best defense against a memory problem is to stay healthy and fit.

Eat a balanced diet. A balanced, low-fat diet with ample sources of vitamins B12 and folate will help protect your nervous system.
Drink plenty of water. This helps to prevent dehydration, which can cause confusion and memory problems. For more information, see the topic Dehydration.
Get plenty of rest. Being tired can impair your memory.
Do not smoke or use other tobacco products. Tobacco products decrease blood flow to the brain, raise blood pressure, and increase your risk of stroke. For more information, see the topic Quitting Tobacco Use.
Exercise regularly. Regular exercise can improve the blood flow to your brain. For more information, see the topic Fitness.
Reduce your stress. Being anxious can impair your memory. For more information, see the topic Stress Management.
Socialize with family and friends. Research has shown that people who regularly get together with family or friends are less likely to lose mental function. Socializing also helps you stay connected with your community.
Try to learn new things. This may help increase your attention span and ability to focus.
Play stimulating mind games, such as Scrabble, or do a crossword puzzle or word jumble.
Limit your alcohol intake and do not use illegal drugs such as cocaine, crack, or amphetamines. For more information, see the topic Alcohol and Drug Problems.
Decrease your use of nonprescription medicines. Overuse of medicines may be the single biggest cause of memory loss or confusion in older adults.
Keep your blood pressure at or below 130/85 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Untreated high blood pressure can cause memory problems and affect problem-solving abilities. If you have been diagnosed with high blood pressure, take your medicines as directed. For more information, see the topic High Blood Pressure (Hypertension).
Seek treatment for depression if you think that you may be depressed. Memory loss may be a symptom of depression. For more information, see the topic Feeling Depressed.

Prevent accidents and injuries that might lead to memory problems.

Wear your seat belt when you are traveling in a motor vehicle.
Do not use alcohol or other drugs before participating in sports or when operating an automobile or other equipment.
Wear a helmet and other protective clothing whenever you are biking, motorcycling, skating, skate boarding, kayaking, horseback riding, skiing, snowboarding, or rock climbing.
Wear a hard hat if you work in a construction job or in an industrial area.
Do not dive into shallow or unfamiliar water.
Prevent falls in your home by removing hazards that might cause a fall.
Do not keep firearms in your home. If you must keep firearms, lock them up and store them unloaded and uncocked. Lock ammunition in a separate area.

Preparing For Your Appointment

To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment

You can help your health professional diagnose and treat your condition by being prepared to answer the following questions:

What are your symptoms?
- When did they begin?
- Did they begin suddenly or come on gradually?
- Do your symptoms fluctuate or come and go?
Do you have other symptoms with the confusion, memory loss, or decreased alertness?
Have you had these symptoms before? If so, what was the diagnosis? When and how were your symptoms treated?
Are you on a special diet? What do you eat for breakfast, lunch, and dinner?
Have you had any recent head injuries?
What prescription or nonprescription medicines do you take? Bring a complete list of all your medicines to your appointment.
Do you often feel extremely sleepy during the day?
Have you or another family member ever had a mental health problem, such as depression or an anxiety disorder?
Have any of your family members been diagnosed with a disease that causes confusion or memory loss, such as Alzheimer's disease or Huntington's disease?
Have you been ill or hospitalized recently?
Have you recently traveled outside of the United States?
How much alcohol do you drink? How often? When did you have your last drink?
Do you use any illegal drugs? If so, which ones? How often? When did you last use drugs? Do you swallow, inhale, or inject the drugs?
Do you have any health risks?

Credits

Author	Jan Nissl, RN, BS
Editor	Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA
Associate Editor	Denele Ivins
Associate Editor	Tracy Landauer
Primary Medical Reviewer	William M. Green, MD - Emergency Medicine
Specialist Medical Reviewer	Colin Chalk, MD, CM, FRCPC - Neurology
Last Updated	February 27, 2007

Author: Jan Nissl, RN, BS

Medical Review: William M. Green, MD - Emergency Medicine
Colin Chalk, MD, CM, FRCPC - Neurology

Last Updated

2008-03-03T11:09:00.000-08:00

Overview

What is complementary medicine?

Complementary medicine is a term used for a wide variety of health care practices that may be used along with standard medical treatment.

People often use yoga, meditation, and other complementary practices to improve wellness and quality of life. However, in recent years, more people in the United States have been turning to complementary medicine to help treat a wide range of conditions from hot flashes to high blood pressure. Other examples of complementary medicine include acupuncture, herbal remedies, naturopathic medicine, massage therapy, and light therapy.

Is research being done on complementary medicine?

While most complementary therapies and medicines have been in use for hundreds or even thousands of years, many have not been subject to the same rigorous scientific testing for safety and effectiveness that standard medical treatments go through before they are approved in the U.S. In many cases, the very nature of a complementary therapy, such as music therapy or prayer, can make it difficult or impossible to evaluate by the same scientific methods or criteria.

However, more research is being done on complementary therapies. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), which is part of the National Institutes of Health, provides information to the public and to health professionals on the use and effectiveness of complementary medicine therapies. NCCAM's goal is to develop guidelines to help people choose safe and appropriate alternative and complementary therapies.

Should I use complementary medicine?

Before you use complementary medicine, think about what motivates you. Why are you considering complementary medicine? Are you looking for a cure? Or are you looking for greater comfort and improved quality of life? Seeking a "cure" through complementary medicine alone can be disappointing. Set realistic expectations, and beware of false or exaggerated claims. Many complementary therapies can improve health and quality of life, but if a medicine or therapy sounds too good to be true, it probably is.

Choose a primary doctor who is open-minded about using complementary medicine. Consult your primary doctor for help in making decisions about using complementary therapies.

What are the risks of complementary medicine?

While facilities, medications, and practitioners of conventional medicine are closely monitored and regulated in the United States, complementary medicines and therapies may be subject to less testing and regulation. Many practitioners of complementary therapies are extensively educated in their field, but depending on which state they practice in, others are not regulated. It may be difficult to know whether practitioners are experts in their fields.

One risk involved with using alternative medicine is that you might miss a necessary or possibly lifesaving treatment. For example, you might try to treat cancer with an unproven complementary therapy instead of using a conventional treatment such as surgery or chemotherapy that is known to help. It is always best to get as much information as possible—on both complementary and conventional treatments—and then discuss your options with your doctor.

It is also important to remember that just because a product is natural does not mean it is harmless. There have been a few serious problems, and rarely deaths, resulting from taking complementary medicines. Also, some complementary therapies have the potential for dangerous interactions with conventional therapies. Be sure to tell your doctor about any complementary therapies you are using or are thinking of using.

What are the benefits of complementary medicine?

Some complementary therapies work as well as conventional therapies. They often cost less and have fewer side effects. For example, acupuncture can reduce arthritis pain with fewer side effects than medications, and St. John's wort has recently been shown to treat mild to moderate depression as well as a commonly prescribed antidepressant medication while causing fewer side effects.

Another benefit of complementary medicine is in the more holistic, "whole person" approach of many of its practitioners. Most complementary medicine practitioners and many medical doctors use this approach, which considers your lifestyle, background, and habits, in addition to your physical health. It provides a more complete health picture and more effective way to treat many diseases. This personal approach makes many people feel better about their practitioner, their treatment, and their medical condition.

A person who uses a complementary therapy often benefits from a sense of empowerment. In seeking care outside conventional medicine, you are taking a more active role in your health care that can make you feel more in control of your health.

Science has shown that your emotional state can affect your health. Many people respond well to complementary treatments because they often address their sense of well-being as well as the condition itself.

Frequently Asked Questions

Learning about complementary medicine:	What is complementary medicine? What is the difference between complementary medicine, alternative medicine, and integrative medicine? Should I use complementary medicine?
Alternative medical systems:	What is homeopathy? What is naturopathy? What is ayurveda?
Mind-body interventions:	What is yoga? What are tai chi and qi gong? What is meditation?
Biologically based therapies:	What is kava kava? What is valerian? What is gingko biloba? What is St. John's wort? What is saw palmetto?
Manipulative and body-based methods:	What is massage therapy? What is chiropractic?
Energy therapies:	What is acupuncture? What is reiki?

Health Tools

Health tools help you make wise health decisions or take action to improve your health.


	Decision Points focus on key medical care decisions that are important to many health problems.
	Should I use complementary medicine?

Alternative Medical Systems

An alternative medical system is a set of practices based on a philosophy. Most of these systems have evolved apart from and earlier than the conventional medical system used in the United States.

Should I use complementary medicine?

Mind-Body Interventions

These techniques develop the mind's ability to help the body to heal or keep itself well. Some of these techniques, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, were once considered complementary medicine and are now a part of conventional medicine in the United States.

Should I use complementary medicine?

Biologically Based Therapies

These therapies use substances found in nature to treat illness or promote wellness. They include foods, vitamins, and both herbal and nonherbal dietary supplements.

Should I use complementary medicine?

Manipulative and Body-Based Methods

These therapies involve the movement or realignment of parts of the body.

Should I use complementary medicine?

Energy Therapies

There are two types of energy therapies, both of which involve the use of energy fields. Biofield therapies are used to affect energy fields in and around the human body. Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies use electromagnetic fields to affect the body, such as those from magnets or electrical current.

Should I use complementary medicine?

Other Places To Get Help

Organizations

American Academy of Medical Acupuncture (AAMA)
4929 Wilshire Boulevard
Suite 428
Los Angeles, CA 90010
Phone:	(323) 937-5514
Web Address:	http://www.medicalacupuncture.org

The American Academy of Medical Acupuncture promotes the integration of traditional and modern forms of acupuncture with Western medical practice. Its goal is to create a more comprehensive approach to health care.

American Association of Naturopathic Physicians
3201 New Mexico Avenue, NW
Suite 350
Washington, DC 20016
Phone:	(202) 895-1392 1-866-538-2267
Fax:	(202) 274-1992
E-mail:	member.services@Naturopathic.org
Web Address:	http://naturopathic.org

The American Association of Naturopathic Physicians (AANP) is the national professional society representing naturopathic physicians who are licensed or eligible for licensing as primary care providers. This organization can help you find a naturopathic physician in your area.

American Botanical Council (ABC)
6200 Manor Road
Austin, TX 78723
Phone:	(512) 926-4900 1-800-373-7105
Fax:	(512) 926-2345
E-mail:	abc@herbalgram.org
Web Address:	http://www.herbalgram.org

The American Botanical Council's goals are to educate the public about beneficial herbs and plants and to promote the safe and effective use of medicinal plants.

American Chiropractic Association
1701 Clarendon Boulevard
Arlington, VA 22209
Phone:	1-800-986-4636
Fax:	(703) 243-2593
Web Address:	http://www.amerchiro.org

The American Chiropractic Association (ACA) is a professional organization representing doctors of chiropractic. Its mission is to preserve, protect, improve, and promote the chiropractic profession and the services of doctors of chiropractic for the benefit of patients they serve. This organization can help you locate a chiropractor in your area.

American Massage Therapy Association
500 Davis Street
Suite 900
Evanston, IL 60201-4695
Phone:	(877) 905-2700 (847) 864-0123
Fax:	(847) 864-1178
Web Address:	http://www.amtamassage.org/

The American Massage Therapy Association (AMTA) is a professional organization that certifies massage therapists and works to advance the profession of massage therapy. Members agree to follow a basic code of ethics and abide by AMTA's standards of practice. The association can help you locate a therapist in your area who is an AMTA member.

National Association for Chiropractic Medicine (NACM)
1527 Baybrook Drive
Houston, TX 77062
Phone:	(281) 280-8262
Fax:	(281) 280-8262
Web Address:	http://www.chiromed.org

The National Association for Chiropractic Medicine (NACM) is a consumer advocacy association of chiropractors who confine their scope of practice to scientific parameters and seek to legitimize the use of professional manipulative procedures in mainstream health care delivery. The association offers consumer assistance in finding member practitioners.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) Clearinghouse
P.O. Box 7923
Gaithersburg, MD 20898
Phone:	1-888-644-6226
Fax:	1-866-464-3616 toll-free
E-mail:	info@nccam.gov
Web Address:	http://nccam.nih.gov

The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is dedicated to exploring complementary and alternative healing practices in the context of rigorous science, training CAM researchers, and disseminating authoritative information. Direct all requests for information and questions regarding the NCCAM to the NCCAM Clearinghouse.

National Council Against Health Fraud (NCAHF)
119 Foster Street, Building R, Second Floor
Peabody, MA 01960
Phone:	(978) 532-9383
Fax:	(978) 532-9450
E-mail:	ncahf.office@verizon.net
Web Address:	http://www.ncahf.org

The National Council Against Health Fraud is a nonprofit voluntary health organization that focuses its attention upon health fraud, misinformation, and quackery as public health problems. The council's positions are based upon the principles of science that are at the root of consumer protection law.

Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health
6100 Executive Blvd., Room 3B01, MSC 7517
Bethesda, MD 20892-7517
Phone:	(301) 435-2920
Fax:	(301) 480-1845
E-mail:	ods@nih.gov
Web Address:	http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov

The Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) supports research and disseminates research results in the area of dietary supplements. The ODS also provides advice to other federal agencies regarding research results related to dietary supplements.

Rosenthal Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
630 West 168th Street, Box 75
New York, NY 10032
Phone:	(212) 342-0101
Fax:	(212) 342-0100
Web Address:	http://www.rosenthal.hs.columbia.edu

The goal of the Rosenthal Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine is to facilitate and conduct rigorous scientific investigation for evaluating the effectiveness, safety, and mechanisms of action of alternative and complementary remedies and practices. It also serves as an internationally known and respected resource for information about complementary and alternative therapies.

U.S. Department of Agriculture
1400 Independence Avenue SW
Washington, DC 20250
Phone:	(202) 720-2791
Fax:	(202) 720-2166
Web Address:	http://www.usda.gov

The Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, develops and promotes science-based dietary guidance and economic information for consumers and professionals in health, education, industry, and media.

Related Information

References

Other Works Consulted

DeSmet P (2002). Herbal remedies. New England Journal of Medicine, 347(25): 2046–2056.

Fontanarosa PB, ed. (2000). Alternative Medicine: An Objective Assessment. Chicago: American Medical Association.

Jonas WB, Levin JS, eds. (1999). Essentials of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

Micozzi MS (2001). Fundamentals of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone.

Pizzorno JE, Murray MT, eds. (1999). Textbook of Natural Medicine, 2nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone.

Spencer JW, Jacobs JJ (2003). Complementary and Alternative Medicine: An Evidence-Based Approach. St. Louis: Mosby.

Credits

Author	Christopher Hess
Editor	Nancy Reid
Associate Editor	Michele Cronen
Primary Medical Reviewer	Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
Specialist Medical Reviewer	Marc S. Micozzi, MD, PhD - Policy Institute for Integrative Medicine
Last Updated	July 7, 2005

Author: Christopher Hess

Medical Review: Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
Marc S. Micozzi, MD, PhD - Policy Institute for Integrative Medicine

2008-03-03T11:06:00.000-08:00

What is naturopathic medicine?

Naturopathic medicine (or naturopathy) is based on the belief that the body can heal itself naturally. Naturopathic medicine attempts to improve health, prevent disease, and treat illness by promoting the use of organic foods and exercise; encouraging a healthy, balanced lifestyle; and applying concepts from other areas of complementary medicine (such as ayurveda, homeopathy, and herbal therapies).

Naturopathy was developed in the late 1800s in the United States. Today, a licensed naturopathic doctor (ND) attends a 4-year, graduate-level naturopathic medical school and studies the same basic sciences as a medical doctor (MD). However, the ND also studies alternative approaches to therapy, such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, and bodywork.

Most traditional naturopathic physicians (naturopaths) believe in natural therapies, such as nutritional and lifestyle counseling. They generally avoid prescribing medicines or performing surgery. However, some naturopaths prescribe herbal medicines, homeopathic dilutions, nutritional supplements, or perform minor surgeries. The disagreement over specific practice guidelines and licensing requirements in different states has led to some public confusion about the role of the naturopath.

What is naturopathy used for?

People use naturopathic medicine for promoting good health, preventing disease, and treating illness. Most naturopaths can treat earaches, allergies, and other common medical problems. Naturopathic medicine tries to find the underlying cause of the condition rather than focusing solely on treating symptoms. A properly trained naturopathic physician works with other health professionals, referring people to other practitioners for diagnosis or treatment when appropriate.

Is naturopathy safe?

Two of the biggest concerns about naturopathic medicine are the use of dietary fasting and a bias against immunization (vaccinations).

Talk with your medical doctor before fasting (not eating or drinking, or consuming only liquids for a period of time). Fasting can be dangerous, especially if you have a disease such as diabetes.
Some naturopaths do not believe that immunization is necessary. Before immunizations became available, childhood illnesses caused large numbers of deaths and long-term health problems and provided survivors with natural immunity. The benefits of immunization greatly outweigh the risks.¹

Always tell your doctor if you are using an alternative therapy or if you are thinking about combining an alternative therapy with your conventional medical treatment. It may not be safe to forgo your conventional medical treatment and rely only on an alternative therapy.

Naturopathy licensing varies from state to state. Not all states require naturopaths to be licensed. Also, not all naturopathic educational programs are the same. Some schools grant degrees that are not accepted by state licensing boards. In the United States, the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education (CNME) is the only agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education to accredit naturopathic programs and colleges.

Before you choose a naturopath, find out whether the person graduated from an accredited college. Also check to see whether your state has licensing laws that govern the practice of NDs. If your state licenses NDs, ask your prospective ND whether he or she is licensed.

Related Information

References

Citations

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2003). Six common misconceptions about vaccination and how to respond to them. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/nip/publications/6mishome.htm.

Credits

Author	Christopher Hess
Author	Paul Lehnert
Editor	Geri Metzger
Editor	Nancy Reid
Associate Editor	Michele Cronen
Associate Editor	Tracy Landauer
Primary Medical Reviewer	Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
Specialist Medical Reviewer	Marc S. Micozzi, MD, PhD - Policy Institute for Integrative Medicine
Last Updated	July 7, 2005

Author: Christopher Hess
Paul Lehnert

Medical Review: Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
Marc S. Micozzi, MD, PhD - Policy Institute for Integrative Medicine

Last Updated: July 7

2008-02-19T00:19:00.000-08:00

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By Mia Simms
One of the most significant medical breakthroughs of the end of this century is the discovery of insulin’s role in health and disease. While many are
familiar with the diabetic’s insulin plight, few realize the amazing life-extending potential that optimally low insulin levels can have. Studies have shown that lower insulin levels can promote rapid fat loss, increase energy, enhance mental clarity, slow aging, lower blood pressure, improve cholesterol and overall health, and generate a feeling of euphoric wellness.

How can this be achieved?strong> Through a simple approach to diet, exercise, supplements and a life extension drug called metformin. Combined, these steps allow insulin
levels to drop and life expectancy to rise. But before the how comes the why, along with some important background information.

The Insulin-Aging Equation
The last several decades of research have confirmed that consistently high insulin levels can be deadly. This fact is most evident in the diabetic population, who must
constantly monitor blood sugar and insulin levels in order to survive. Extensive trials now show that elevated insulin levels are intimately linked with symptoms of aging, including obesity, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), cardiovascular disease, and even cancer.1,2, 3,4

Insulin, sometimes referred to as the sugar-processing hormone, is critical for glucose metabolism, storage and maintenance. When food is consumed, the digestive process converts carbohydrates into glucose, a simple sugar, which is absorbed into the blood stream. The pancreas releases insulin in response to blood
glucose. Insulin then enters certain cells and triggers a set of events that causes the cells to absorb glucose from the blood. The hormone also helps other nutrients get inside the cells, including vitamins, minerals, amino- and fatty-acids. While this is the normal mechanism that should occur, gerontologists are noticing an alarming increase in the breakdown of this metabolic process in our aging population.

Announcing Syndrome X
A condition characterized by hypertension, abnormal blood lipid profile, glucose intolerance or diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity and coronary artery disease has been
proposed by Dr. Gerald Reaven to be termed Syndrome X.5

Although this syndrome has been recently popularized in the west, it was first described and characterized by professor V. Dilman in 1968.6

The central feature of this syndrome is insulin resistance, the gradual loss of sensitivity by many peripheral tissue cells, to insulin. The body responds by producing even
more insulin, which results in high levels of insulin, glucose, and other unabsorbed nutrients circulating in the blood stream.5

Insulin resistance can go unnoticed for up to 40 years, until either serious complications begin to surface or the pancreas can’t keep up with the demand for insulin. This
results in NIDDM or type II diabetes. Such diabetics often produce two, three or four times the normal amounts of insulin, yet because of insulin resistance, they require even more insulin to maintain normal glucose levels. When the pancreas can’t keep up, hyperglycemia occurs and the diagnosis of diabetes often follows.

Some experts estimate that as many as 50 percent of Americans may have insulin resistance without knowing it. It can remain effectively hidden for years, masquerading as
symptoms of other conditions. These may include fatigue, poor mental concentration, abdominal (apple-shaped) obesity, edema and an intense craving for sweets. In advanced stages, such as in the 80-year-old insulin resistant person who is producing up to four times the normal amount of insulin, a dangerous cascade of other metabolic imbalances and illnesses can follow.1,2,3,5

Syndrome X encompasses insulin resistance itself, along with the resulting imbalances, which often occur together in the same patient. These can include cardiovascular
disease, type II diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hyperuricemia (high uric acid, and mental decline.1,2,3,4,5

What Causes Insulin Resistance?
While aging is perhaps the most universal cause of insulin resistance, our modern western lifestyle does much to accelerate its progression via excessive sugar consumption. Less than two hundred years ago, the per capita sugar consumption averaged just five pounds a year. Today Americans eat over 20 times that amount, at
about 115 pounds per person per year. Other factors contributing to the condition include overeating, mineral deficiencies, consumption of processed and refined foods, alcohol , smoking and lack of physical exercise.

Table 1
Factors Contributing to

Insulin Resistance

Aging

Alcohol Consumption

High Sugar & Refined

Carbohydrate Diet

Mineral Deficiencies

Processed Foods

Sedentary Lifestyle

Smoking

How Insulin Causes Obesity
Despite the national obsession with weight control, we are fatter today than ever. In fact, more than a third of American adults are obese; yet its major cause, insulin resistance, remains largely overlooked by the medical community and an unsolved mystery to those suffering from it.

When high insulin and blood sugar levels prevail, lipogenesis (fat production and storage) and triglyceride synthesis are also stimulated. To compound the problem, there
is evidence that high insulin levels trigger the hypothalamus (the master gland) to send hunger signals. As a result, the insulin resistant person not only feels hungry more often, but produces and deposits fat more readily than healthy individuals.6

The problem can be exacerbated by what is known as the Randle effect: the competition between glucose and fatty acid utilization. Professor Vladimir Dilman described it
as follows: While fats burn in the flame of carbohydrates, carbohydrates do not burn in the flame of fats.6 According to Dilman, when macro-nutrients are consumed together, fatty acids are used as fuel, while the body acts quickly to convert the carbohydrates into glucose, and glucose into stored fat. Thus the obese, insulin-resistant person is often caught in an endless cycle of hunger, carbohydrate cravings, excessive food consumption, followed by the inevitable increase in blood glucose, insulin, body fat deposits, and the vicious cycle begins once again.6

The Cardiovascular-Insulin Connection
Major studies show that high levels of circulating insulin are linked to the devastating epidemic of heart disease. The Helsinki Finnish Policeman study, one of the first epidemiological studies demonstrating an association between high insulin levels and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), followed 970 men between the ages of 34 to 64 years who were initially free of CHD, other cardiovascular disease, or diabetes. During the 22-year follow-up, 164 men had had a major cardiovascular event (fatal or nonfatal heart attack), which corresponded directly with the highest insulin levels.7 The Paris Prospective Study, which followed 7,152 men for an average of 63 months,
also found a direct relationship between elevated insulin and coronary heart disease. This relationship was even more pronounced in those who were obese.8

Another study in The New England Journal of Medicine showed that people with normal glucose tolerance and high insulin levels were at a greater risk for coronary artery disease, when compared with a group of healthy people.2 Other trials further demonstrate the link between insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk factors, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, and hypertension.1,2,3,4,5

Table 2
Follow the Insulin Life Extension Program to Avoid The Risks of:

Atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular Disease

Cancer (certain types)

Elevated Triglycerides

Elevated Uric Acid

Glucose Intolerance

High cholesterol

Hypertension

Low HDL, High LDL

Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes

Mellitus (NIDDM)

Obesity

Diabetes: End Stage Insulin Resistance
Diabetes afflicts over 135 million people worldwide, and every three minutes an American dies of the disease. The number of Americans with NIDDM or type II diabetes has
tripled in the last 15 years, and accounts for up to 95 percent of all diabetic cases. Reactive hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia (pre-diabetes), and NIDDM may all be different stages of the same condition, insulin resistance.

Largely the result of diet and lifestyle, NIDDM has also been called advanced, extreme, or end stage insulin resistance, and scientists are increasingly classifying the
condition as early onset or premature aging. Since the glucose tolerance gradually declines with age, by age 70 almost everyone develops some level of diabetes.6

The Type II patient often produces massive amounts of insulin, which are still not enough to let glucose into the peripheral cells. The resulting elevated glucose penetrates non-insulin dependent tissues (lens of the eye, nerve and artery), causing a damaging trail of biological breakdowns, including blindness, nerve damage, poor circulation, arterial damage, kidney failure, gangrene, limb amputations and ultimately a premature death.

The Solution Begins With The Low Glycemic Diet
The solution to insulin resistance begins with a fairly recent development in food evaluation called the glycemic index. The index is a food rating system based on the
effect a particular food has on blood sugar. Foods that cause a rapid rise in blood sugar and therefore an excessive release of insulin, are high glycemic. Conversely, low glycemic foods promote a slower, sustained release of glucose and insulin.9,10

The glycemic index (GI) is not an exact science since the numbers are compiled from a wide range of research studies. However, in general, glucose is given a value of 100,
and other carbohydrate foods are evaluated relative to it. For example, ice cream has a GI of 50, which means it produces half the rise in blood sugar as glucose.9,10

It might seem that all simple and refined carbohydrate foods have a high glycemic index, while all complex carbohydrate foods (especially those high in fiber) have a low
glycemic index. But this is not the case. In fact, some vegetables and grains such as carrots, peas, potatoes, and rice exhibit a surprisingly high glycemic index. These foods produce a rapid rise in blood glucose similar to table sugar. Equally unexpected is the fact that some simple sugars such as fructose have a lower glycemic index than many vegetables, grains, and legumes (See Table 3). It is important to note that while fructose does have a low glycemic rating, it can still induce insulin resistance, increase triglycerides, and promote fat storage.

Table 3
Glycemic Index of Select Foods (With Glucose as the Standard of Comparison)
Food Glycemic Index
Glucose 100
Potato, baked 98
Carrots, cooked 92
White rice, instant 91
Cornflakes 84
Honey 74
Bread, white 72
Bread, wheat 69
Table sugar 65
Beets 64
Banana 53
Green peas 51
Ice cream 50
Pinto beans 42
Pasta 41
Apples 39
Tomatoes 38
Yogurt, plain 38
Peanuts 23
Fructose 20

The low glycemic diet emphasizes foods with a lower glycemic rating. In general, non-starchy vegetables have a low glycemic index and should be a cornerstone of a balanced life extension program. Proteins and fats are also optimal choices because they contain no carbohydrates and therefore have no glycemic index.

* For more information on the glycemic index of foods, contact the Glycemic Research Institute at 601 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20004.

Some life extension experts are taking tDietary Ketosis Accelerates Resultshe low glycemic approach to an extreme with excellent results. Very low carbohydrate diets such as the well-known Atkins diet produce a state of benign dietary ketosis (BDK), which has been found to have an exceptionally rejuvenating effect on the biological terrain. The consumption of about thirty or fewer carbohydrates a day may promote a myriad of advantages, including longevity and weight loss, and the reversal of many of the conditions associated with aging. The BDK diet has all the benefits of the low glycemic diet, and also offsets cravings, discourages yeast infections (candida), balances mood disorders and reverses heart disease.4

Being in ketosis is one of the quickest, safest and healthiest ways to control hyperinsulinism and burn off excess body fat. The key to its effectiveness is a shift in the
body’s fuel supply. Several studies have shown that as carbohydrate intake is sufficiently lowered, the metabolism shifts from a glucose-based energy supply to one that utilizes the body’s own fat. This mechanism, called lipolysis, occurs during sleep, fasting, and when insulin levels are low.6

After two days without carbohydrates, the absence of glucose induces lower insulin levels, which cause the desirable metabolic shift. As lipolysis begins, the body enters
into ketosis. First, fats (triglycerides) are split into glycerol and free fatty acids. These are then broken down into simple compounds called ketone bodies, which in turn are used as fuel by the brain and muscle.

The degree of fat utilization can be inferred by measuring blood or urine levels of ketones. The level of ketones in the urine can be measured at home with KetostixTM,
which are available over-the-counter (OTC) at any pharmacy. A slight state of ketosis is reflected by a light peach color. The more ketones that are released, the deeper the state of ketosis, and the darker the shade of the stick. Purple, which reflects the deepest state of ketosis, also indicates that maximum fat loss is occurring. However since insufficient water intake can cause concentrated urine (and the false impression of elevated ketones), it is important to drink plenty of water when following this diet.

The basis of the BDK diet is proteins, fats and very low carbohydrate-containing foods, with meals consisting of eggs, fish, fowl, meat, cheese, dairy cream, non-starchy
vegetables, herbs and spices. Breakfast might consist of an egg and cheese omelette with a side of bacon; lunch, a tuna salad with greens and creamy dressing; and for dinner, steak and lobster drenched with butter and a side of sauteed broccoli. It is surprisingly simple to follow, and is satisfying as well.4

Ending the Fat Myth
With all the hoopla over low fat diets, Americans have been brainwashed that any amount of fat is hazardous to health, body weight and longevity. This is not entirely true.
In fact, it is becoming increasingly clear that refined carbohydrates are the real offenders, while many fats (especially in the absence of carbohydrates) can actually improve and extend life.

In fact, most fats are an ally on this diet. They impart flavor and satiation, and induce ketosis. Some saturated fats, such as coconut oil may actually accelerate weight
loss. Coconut oil is naturally rich in medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), which have been shown to accelerate fat loss. Fats to be avoided are trans-fatty acids produced during hydrogenation (Crisco and margarine), as well as those that are oxidized (excessively heated or spoiled).

Since not all nutritional requirements are satisfied by the scope of this diet, the following supplements are recommended: calcium, vitamin C, chromium, vanadyl sulfate, dietary fiber (psyllium), homocysteine regulators, GLA, omega-3 oils, lecithin, and a full spectrum multivitamin-mineral formula. These should be taken daily with meals for best results.4

Exercise Enhances Results
Regular physical exercise can replenish vitality and promote a longer healthier life by increasing insulin sensitivity and promoting glucose uptake in the skeletal muscles.
This has been confirmed by numerous studies, including a recent trial performed in Sweden. This study demonstrated that younger people exhibited improved insulin sensitivity after only a single exercise session! For those who were middle-aged or older, the same benefit was confirmed after just a few training sessions.11,12

The study also showed that both aerobic and strength training enhance whole-body insulin sensitivity to a similar extent. The authors explain that exercise may stimulate
certain sex hormones, which in turn potentiates insulin response. Exercise also increases the levels of a glucose transporter protein called GLUT-4, enhances the muscle capillary network; and reduces body fat, blood pressure, and LDL-cholesterol.12

Dietary Supplements That Improve Insulin Sensitivity
Chromium and vanadium are two trace minerals which have been shown to have a remarkably positive effect on insulin and blood sugar levels. Studies increasingly show that
when plasma chromium levels are low, glucose intolerance increases; and low chromium levels are directly related to hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and cardiovascular disease.

Chromium is the unique component of the blood sugar regulating molecule called Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF). GTF works intimately with insulin to facilitate the uptake
of glucose into the cells, actually helping it to be more effective.

Adequate chromium supplementation considerably improves insulin sensitivity, blood sugar levels, and longevity (in laboratory rats). It may also be an effective
agent against serum lipid disorders. While several types of chromium supplements are available, the most convincing research is on chromium picolinate and chromium polynicotinate. The best results are obtained by taking 400-800 micrograms (mcg) per day.

Vanadium is important because it has been shown to effectively mimic insulin. According to research conducted at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver,
sufficient doses of vanadyl sulfate (one form of the mineral) completely eliminated diabetes in laboratory animals.3 Other human studies show similar therapeutic benefits in the treatment of diabetes.

Vanadium supplementation seems to have other beneficial effects as well. When laboratory animals were fed large amounts of fructose, insulin levels increased. Following
vanadium supplementation, not only did their plasma insulin concentrations decrease significantly, but the animals also exhibited improved glucose tolerance and inhibited cholesterol synthesis. Vanadium can be found in whole grains, soybeans, shellfish, mushrooms, black pepper, dill and parsley; however, dietary levels found in food don’t seem to be relevant to glucose utilization. In order to derive the therapeutic benefits, daily supplementation of 50 to 150 mcg is necessary.13,14

Metformin - The Most Under-Appreciated Life Extension Drug?
According to Ward Dean, M.D., Metformin may be the most effective and under-appreciated life extension drug. Recently introduced in the United States for the
treatment of Type II diabetes, this biguanide drug works by restoring insulin-sensitivity to the cells. Its action is similar to vanadyl sulfate, with a stronger, more predictable action.15

Unlike the sulfonylueas, which force insulin output from the pancreas (eventually destroying the organ), metformin increases the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to the
effects of insulin. Dean notes that a potential side-effect in long term users of metformin is that it may cause malabsorption of vitamin B12. He goes on to recommend that anyone taking metformin also supplement their diet liberally with vitamin B12.15

Metformin is chemically related to phenformin, an anti-diabetic drug that was discontinued in the United States in 1976 after a number of deaths in diabetic patients. While
phenformin was safe for most diabetics, ill-informed doctors contributed to its downfall by administering it to patients with compromised liver and kidney function.

Metformin, a newer, much safer drug, carries many of the same benefits as phenformin. According to Dilman, these include lowered blood cholesterol, triglycerides and beta
lipo-proteins, reduced development of atherosclerosis, reduced insulin levels, increased hypothalamo-pituitary sensitivity (which normally declines with age), improved cellular immunity, reduced incidence of chemically induced cancer in rats, reduced growth of some tumors, and enhanced action of certain anti-cancer medications. Most significantly, phenformin (and presumably metformin) increased the lifespan of laboratory animals. According to Dean, most adults suffer from "subclinical" diabetes. He recommends the drug to all of his life extension patients over 40 at a dose of 500 mg two to four times per day.4,14 Metformin is structurally related to Guanidine, a substance that is found in the herb goat’s rue. (Gallega officinalis, which has been traditionally used to treat diabetes.)

Life Extension, Weight Loss, Mental Clarity and Energy
A total approach to insulin resistance requires an understanding of its multifaceted aspects and the increased necessity for nutritional and lifestyle interventions. The use
of diet, exercise, nutritional supplements and medications such as metformin are central not only to restoring metabolic balance, but for biological age reversal and life extension as well. The following program is recommended for optimal results.

<strong>
Follow a low glycemic or BDK dietstrong>

Exercise regularly

Take 200-800 mcg of chromium and 50-150 mcg of vanadium daily

Take 500 mg of metformin two or three times per day or five to six capsules of VRP’s GluControl.

References:
1. DeFronzo, R, Ferrannini, E. Insulin Resistance - a multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular
disease, Diabetes Care. 1991; 4(3):173-94.
2. Zavoroni, I. et al.Risk factors for coronary artery disease in healthy persons with hyperinsulinemia and normal glucose tolerance. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1989;320:702-6.
3. Reaven, G. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988;37, 1595-1607.
4. Atkins, R. Dr. Atkins’ New Diet Revolution. New York, NY: M. Evans and Company Inc.; 1992.
5. Reaven, G. Syndrome X. Clinical Diabetes. 1994;3-4, 32-52.
6. Dilman, V, Dean,W. The Neuroendocrine Theory of Aging and Degenerative Disease. Pensacola, FL: The Center for Bio-Gerontology, 1992.
7. Pyorala M, Miettinen H, Laakso M, Pyorala K. Hyperinsulinemia predicts coronary heart disease risk in healthy middle-aged men: the 22-year follow-up results in the Finnish Helsinki Policeman Study. Circulation. 1998;4;98(5): 398-404.
8. Fontbonne A, Thibult N, Eschwege E, Ducimetiere, P. Body fat distribution and coronary heart disease mortality in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes
mellitus: the Paris Prospective Study, 15-year follow-up. Diabetologia. 1992;35 (5):464-8.
9. Jenkins, D, Wolever, T. Glycemic index of foods: a physiologic basis for carbohydrate exchange. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1981; 34:362-366.
10. Podell, R.The G-Index Diet. New York, NY: Warner Books Inc.; 1993.
11. Endre, T. Insulin resistance is coupled to low physical fitness in normotensive men with a family history of hypertension. Journal of Hypertension. 1994; 12, 81-88.
12. Henriksson J. Influence of exercise on insulin sensitivity. J. Cardiovasc. Risk. 1995; 4:303-309.
13. McNeill, J. Enhanced in vivo sensitivity of vanadyl-treated diabetic rats to insulin. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 1996. 68 (4):486-91.
14. Poucheret P, Verma S, Grynpas M, McNeill J. Vanadium and diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem
1998;188(102):73-80.
15. Dean, W. Metformin, the most effective and under-appreciated life extension drug. Vitamin Research News. November 1998;12 (9).

2008-01-23T02:16:00.000-08:00
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Related InformationHerbs with Similar Side Effects of GINKGO BILOBA
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Ginkgo biloba
Also listed as: Fossil tree; Kew tree; Maiden hair tree; Ginkgo biloba
Overview
Plant Description
What's It Made Of?
Medicinal Uses and Indications
Available Forms
How to Take It
Precautions
Possible Interactions
Supporting Research
Overview
Ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba ) is one of the oldest living tree species and its leaves are among the most extensively studied botanicals in use today. Unlike many other medicinal herbs, ginkgo leaves are not frequently used in their crude state, but rather, in the form of a concentrated, standardized ginkgo biloba extract (GBE). In Europe and the United States, ginkgo supplements are among the best-selling herbal medications and it consistently ranks as a top medicine prescribed in France and Germany.
Ginkgo has been used in traditional medicine to treat circulatory disorders and enhance memory. Scientific studies throughout the years lend support to these traditional uses. Emerging evidence suggests that GBE may be particularly effective in treating ailments associated with decreased blood flow to the brain, particularly in elderly individuals. Laboratory studies have shown that GBE improves blood circulation by dilating blood vessels and reducing the stickiness of blood platelets.
Ginkgo leaves also contain two types of chemicals (flavonoids and terpenoids) believed to have potent antioxidant properties. Antioxidants are substances that scavenge free radicals -- damaging compounds in the body that alter cell membranes, tamper with DNA, and even cause cell death. Free radicals occur naturally in the body, but environmental toxins (including ultraviolet light, radiation, cigarette smoking, and air pollution) can also increase the number of these damaging particles. Free radicals are believed to contribute to a number of health problems including heart disease and cancer as well as Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. Antioxidants such as those found in ginkgo can neutralize free radicals and may reduce or even help prevent some of the damage they cause.
Plant Description
Ginkgo biloba is the oldest living tree species. A single tree can live as long as 1,000 years and grow to a height of 120 feet. It has short branches with fan-shaped leaves and inedible fruits that produce a strong odor. The fruit contains an inner seed, and there has been a report of a human poisoning from ingesting the seed.
Although Chinese herbal medicine has used both the ginkgo leaf and seed for centuries, modern research has focused on the standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), which is prepared from the dried green leaves. This standardized extract is highly concentrated and seems to be clinically more effective in treating health problems (particularly circulatory ailments) than the non-standardized leaf alone.
What's It Made Of?
More than 40 components isolated from the ginkgo tree have been identified, but only two are believed to be responsible for the herb's beneficial effects in humans -- flavonoids and terpenoids. Flavonoids (such as quercetin and rutin) have potent antioxidant effects. Laboratory and animal studies have shown that flavonoids protect the nerves, heart muscle, blood vessels, and retina from damage. Terpenoids (such as ginkgolides) improve blood flow by dilating blood vessels and reducing the stickiness of platelets.
Medicinal Uses and Indications
Based on studies conducted in laboratories, animals, and humans, many health care professionals may recommend ginkgo for the following health problems:
Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease
Ginkgo is widely used in Europe for treating dementia. It use is primarily due to its ability to improve blood flow to the brain and because of its antioxidant properties. The evidence that ginkgo may improve thinking, learning, and memory in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been highly promising.
Clinical studies suggest that ginkgo may provide the following benefits for people with AD:
Improvement in thinking, learning, and memory (cognitive function)
Improvement in activities of daily living
Improvement in social behavior
Fewer feelings of depression
Several studies have found that ginkgo may be as effective as leading AD medications in delaying the symptoms of dementia in people with this debilitating condition. In addition, ginkgo is sometimes used preventively because it may delay the onset of AD in someone who is at risk for this type of dementia (for example, family history).
Eye problems
The flavonoids found in ginkgo may help halt or lessen some retinal problems (that is, problems to the back part of the eye). Retinal damage has a number of potential causes, including diabetes and macular degeneration. Macular degeneration (often called age-related macular degeneration or ARMD) is a progressive, degenerative eye disease that tends to affect older adults and is the number one cause of blindness in the United States. Studies suggest that gingko may help preserve vision in those with ARMD.
Intermittent Claudication
Because ginkgo is reported to improve blood flow, this herb has been studied in people with intermittent claudication (pain caused by inadequate blood flow to the legs). People with intermittent claudication have difficulty walking without suffering extreme pain. An analysis of eight published studies revealed that people taking ginkgo tend to walk roughly 34 meters farther than those taking placebo. In fact, ginkgo has been shown to be as effective as a leading medication in improving pain-free walking distance. However, regular walking exercises are more beneficial than ginkgo in improving walking distance.
Memory Impairment
Ginkgo is widely touted as a "brain herb." Researchers recently reviewed all of the high-quality published studies on ginkgo and mild memory impairment (in other words, people without Alzheimer's or other form of dementia), and concluded that ginkgo was significantly more effective than placebo in enhancing memory and cognitive function. Ginkgo is commonly added to nutrition bars, soft drinks, and fruit smoothies to boost memory and enhance cognitive performance, although there is debate over whether the small amounts of ginkgo found in these products are effective.
Tinnitus
Given that nerve damage and certain blood vessel disorders can lead to tinnitus (the perception of ringing, hissing, or other sound in the ears or head when no external sound is present), some researchers have investigated whether ginkgo relieves symptoms of this hearing disorder. Although the quality of most studies was poor, the reviewers concluded that ginkgo moderately relieves the loudness of the tinnitus sound. However, a well-designed study including 1,121 people with tinnitus found that ginkgo (given 3 times daily for 3 months) was no more effective than placebo in relieving symptoms of tinnitus. Given these conflicting findings, the therapeutic value of ginkgo for tinnitus remains uncertain. In general, tinnitus is a very difficult problem to treat.
Other uses
In addition to these health problems, health care professionals may also recommend ginkgo for a variety of other ailments, including altitude sickness, asthma, depression, disorientation, headaches, high blood pressure, erectile dysfunction, and vertigo.
A clinical study found that a standardized ginkgo extract may reduce the side effects of menopause as well as risk factors for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Women are becoming more reluctant to use pharmaceutical hormone replacement therapy (HRT) due to its undesirable side effects, such as irregular bleeding and an increased risk of breast cancer. Several human studies have reported that a standardized ginkgo extract has estrogenic activity and might be suitable as an alternative to HRT.
A standardized ginkgo extract was reported to significantly improve functional measures (such as coordination, energy level, strength, mental performance, mood, and sensation) in 22 individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Available Forms
Standardized extracts containing 24 - 32% flavonoids (also known as flavone glycosides or heterosides) and 6 - 12% terpenoids (triterpene lactones)
Capsules
Tablets
Liquid extracts (tinctures, fluid extracts, glycerites)
Dried leaf for teas
How to Take It
Pediatric
Ginkgo is not routinely used in children by the medical community. Therefore, it is not currently recommended to use ginkgo in children under 12.
Adult
Initial results often take 4 - 6 weeks, but should continue to accumulate beyond that period.
Memory impairment and cardiovascular function: Generally, 120 mg daily in divided doses, standardized to contain 24 - 32% flavone glycosides (flavonoids or heterosides) and 6 - 12% triterpene lactones (terpenoids). If more serious dementia or Alzheimer's disease is present, up to 240 mg daily, in 2 or 3 divided doses, may be necessary.
Precautions
The use of herbs is a time-honored approach to strengthening the body and treating disease. Herbs, however, contain components that can trigger side effects and interact with other herbs, supplements, or medications. For these reasons, herbs should be taken with care, under the supervision of a health care provider qualified in the field of botanical medicine.
GBE is considered to be safe, and side effects are rare. In a few cases, gastrointestinal upset, headaches, skin reactions, and dizziness were reported.
Because gingko decreases platelet aggregation (stickiness), there is some concern that it may increase risk of intracranial (brain) hemorrhage. In fact, there have been several reports of bleeding complications associated with ginkgo use. However, it is not clear whether ginkgo or another factor (such as the combination of ginkgo and blood-thinning medications including aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as ibuprofen) caused the bleeding complications. One human study found that a ginkgo extract significantly prolonged bleeding time when given along with cilostazol (Pletal), a commonly used medication that inhibits platelet aggregation.
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using ginkgo preparations. In addition, ginkgo use should be discontinued at least 36 hours prior to surgery due to the risk of bleeding complications.
Do not ingest Ginkgo biloba fruit or seed.
Possible Interactions
Ginkgo may alter the metabolism and effectiveness of some prescription and non-prescription medications. If you are being treated with any of the following medications, you should not use ginkgo without first talking to your health care provider:
Anticonvulsant medications -- High doses of ginkgo could decrease the effectiveness of anticonvulsant therapy, such as carbamazepine (Tegretol) or valproic acid (Depakote), in controlling seizures.
Antidepressant medications -- Taking ginkgo along with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) antidepressants -- including fluoxetin (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil), and escitalopram (Lexapro) -- may cause serotonin syndrome. This condition is characterized by rigidity, tachycardia (fast heart rate), hyperthermia (high body temperature), restlessness, and diaphoresis (sweating). Ginkgo may enhance the effects (both good and bad) of antidepressant medications known as MAOIs, such as phenelzine (Nardil).
Antihypertensive medications -- Ginkgo may decrease blood pressure, so use of ginkgo along with prescription antihypertensive medications should be monitored by a health care provider. There has been a report of an interaction between ginkgo and nifedipine (Procardia), a calcium channel blocking drug used for blood pressure and arrhythmias.
Blood-thinning medications -- Ginkgo has blood-thinning properties and therefore should not be used if you are taking anticoagulant (blood-thinning) medications, such as aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dipyridamole (Persantine), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), or warfarin (Coumadin). There has been bleeding in the brain reported when using a ginkgo product and ibuprofen (Advil), a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID).
Blood sugar lowering medications -- Ginkgo was reported to increase insulin levels in healthy subjects and to decrease insulin levels in diabetic patients. Use ginkgo supplements under the supervision of a health care provider if you are diabetic and taking insulin or oral blood sugar lowering drugs.
Cylosporine -- Ginkgo biloba may help protect the cells of the body during treatment with the immunosuppressive (decreases immunity) drug cyclosporine.
Thiazide diuretics -- Although there has been one literature report of increased blood pressure associated with the use of ginkgo during treatment with thiazide diuretics, this interaction has not been verified by clinical trials. Nevertheless, you should consult with your health care provider before using ginkgo if you are taking thiazide diuretics.
Trazodone -- There has been a report of an adverse interaction between ginkgo and trazodone (Desyrel), an antidepressant medication that resulted in an elderly patient going into a coma.
Supporting Research
Adams LL, Gatchel RJ, Gentry C. Complementary and alternative medicine: applications and implications for cognitive functioning in elderly populations. Altern Ther Health Med . 2001;7(2):52-61.
Aruna D, Naidu MU.Pharmacodynamic interaction studies of Ginkgo biloba with cilostazol and clopidogrel in healthy human subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol . 2006 Sep 29; [Epub ahead of print].
Ashton, A. K., Ahrens, K., Gupta, S., and Masand, P. S. Antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction and Ginkgo Biloba. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(5):836-837.
Barrett B, Kiefer D, Rabago D. Assessing the risks and benefits of herbal medicine: an overview of scientific evidence. Altern Ther Health Med . 1999;5(4):40-49.
Barth SA, Inselmann G, Engemann R, Heidemann HT. Influences of Ginkgo biloba on cyclosporin A induced lipid peroxidation in human liver microsomes in comparison to vitamin E, glutathione and N-Acetylcysteine. Biochem Pharmacol . 1991;41(10):1521-1526.
Benjamin J, Muir T, Briggs K, Pentland B. A case of cerebral haemorrhage-can Ginkgo biloba be implicated? Postgrad Med J . 2001;77(904):112-113.
Birks, J., Grimley, E. V., and Van Dongen, M. Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia. Cochrane Database.Syst Rev. 2003;(4):CD003120.
Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, et al., ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines . Boston, Mass: Integrative Medicine Communications; 1998.
Bridi, R., Crossetti, F. P., Steffen, V. M., and Henriques, A. T. The antioxidant activity of standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) in rats. Phytother Res 2001;15(5):449-451.
Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions . 2nd ed. Sandy, Ore: Eclectic Medical; 1998:76-77.
Cheuvront, S. N. and Carter, R., III. Ginkgo and memory. JAMA. 2-5-2003;289(5):547-548.
Christen Y. Oxidative stress and Alzheimer's disease. Am J Clin Nutr . 2000;71(suppl):621S-629S.
Cieza, A., Maier, P., and Poppel, E. Effects of Ginkgo biloba on mental functioning in healthy volunteers. Arch Med Res. 2003;34(5):373-381.
Clostre F. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761). State of knowledge in the dawn of the year 2000. Ann Pharm Fr . 1999;57(Suppl 1):1S8-88.
Cupp MJ. Herbal remedies: adverse effects and drug interactions. Am Fam Physician . 1999;59(5):1239–1244.
Davydov L and Stirling AL. Stevens-Johnson syndrome with Ginkgo biloba. J Herbal Pharmacother. 2001;1(3):65-69.
Diamond BJ, Shiflett SC, Feiwel N, et al. Ginkgo biloba extract: mechanisms and clinical indications. Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 2000;81:669-678.
Drew S, Davies E. Effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba in treating tinnitus: double blind, placebo controlled trial. BMJ . 2001;322(7278):73.
Engelsen, J., Nielsen, J. D., and Hansen, K. F. [Effect of Coenzyme Q10 and Ginkgo biloba on warfarin dosage in patients on long-term warfarin treatment. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial]. Ugeskr.Laeger. 4-28-2003;165(18):1868-1871.
Ernst E. The risk-benefit profile of commonly used herbal therapies: ginkgo, St. John's wort, ginseng, echinacea, saw palmetto, and kava. Ann Intern Med . 2002;136:42-53.
Ernst E, Pittler MH. Ginkgo biloba for dementia: a systematic review of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Clin Drug Invest . 1999;17:301-308.
Ernst E, Stevinson C. Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus: a review. Clin Otolaryngol . 1999;24(3):164-167.
Fong, K. C. and Kinnear, P. E. Retrobulbar haemorrhage associated with chronic Gingko biloba ingestion. Postgrad.Med.J . 2003;79(935):531-532.
Galluzzi S, Zanetti O, Binetti G, Trabucchi M, Frisoni GB. Coma in a patient with Alzheimer's disease taking low dose trazodone and Ginkgo biloba. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry . 2000;68:679-683.
Hartley, D. E., Elsabagh, S., and File, S. E. Gincosan (a combination of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng): the effects on mood and cognition of 6 and 12 weeks' treatment in post-menopausal women. Nutr Neurosci . 2004;7(5-6):325-333.
Hilton, M. and Stuart, E. Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev . 2004;(2):CD003852.
Horsch, S. and Walther, C. Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD)--a review based on randomized, controlled studies. Int.J Clin Pharmacol Ther . 2004;42(2):63-72.
Huang, S. Y., Jeng, C., Kao, S. C., Yu, J. J., and Liu, D. Z. Improved haemorrheological properties by Ginkgo biloba extract (Egb 761) in type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with retinopathy. Clin.Nutr . 2004;23(4):615-621.
Johnson SK, Diamond BJ, Rausch S, Kaufman M, Shiflett SC, Graves L. The effect of Ginkgo biloba on functional measures in multiple sclerosis: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Explore (NY). 2006;2(1):19-24.
Kidd PM. A review of nutrients and botanicals in the integrative management of cognitive dysfunction. Alt Med Rev . 1999;4(3):144-161.
Kampman, K., Majewska, M. D., Tourian, K., et al., A pilot trial of piracetam and ginkgo biloba for the treatment of cocaine dependence. Addict Behav. 2003;28(3):437-448.
Kenney C, Norman M, Jacobson M, and et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, modified crossover pilot study of the effects of Ginkgo biloba on cognitive and functional abilities in multiple sclerosis. American Academy of Neurology 54th Annual Meeting . April 13-20 2002;P06.081.
Kim YS, Pyo MK, Park KM, et al. Antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of a combination of ticlopidine and Ginkgo biloba ext (EGb 761). Thromb Res . 1998;91:33-38.
Kleijnen J, Knipschild P. Ginkgo biloba for cerebral insufficiency. [Review]. Br J Clin Pharmacol . 1992;34(4):352-358.
Kohler, S., Funk, P., and Kieser, M. Influence of a 7-day treatment with Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 on bleeding time and coagulation: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in healthy volunteers. Blood Coagul.Fibrinolysis . 2004;15(4):303-309.
LaValle JB, Krinsky DL, Hawkins EB, et al. Natural Therapeutics Pocket Guide . Hudson, OH: LexiComp; 2000:441-442.
Le Bars PL, Katz MM, Berman N, Itil TM, Freedman AM, Schatzberg AF. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. JAMA . 1997;278:1327–1332.
Le Bars PL, Kieser M, Itil KZ. A 26-week analysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 in dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord . 2000;11:230-237.
Manocha A, Pillai KK, Husain SZ. Influence of Ginkgo biloba on the effect of anticonvulsants. Indian J Pharmacol . 1996;28:84-87.
Mantle D, Pickering AT, Perry AK. Medicinal plant extracts for the treatment of dementia: a review of their pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability. CNS Drugs . 2000;13:201-213.
Mashour NH, Lin GI, Frishman WH. Herbal medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Arch Intern Med . 1998;158(9):2225–2234.
Matthews MK. Association of Ginkgo biloba with intracerebral hemorrhage [letter]. Neurol . 1998;50(6):1933-1934.
Mauro, V. F., Mauro, L. S., Kleshinski, J. F., Khuder, S. A., Wang, Y., and Erhardt, P. W. Impact of ginkgo biloba on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin. Am.J Ther 2003;10(4):247-251.
Mazza M, Capuano A, Bria P, Mazza S. Ginkgo biloba and donepezil: a comparison in the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Eur J Neurol . 2006;13(9):981-5.
Meisel, C., Johne, A., and Roots, I. Fatal intracerebral mass bleeding associated with Ginkgo biloba and ibuprofen. Atherosclerosis. 2003;167(2):367.
Miller LC. Herbal medicinals: selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions. Arch Intern Med . 1998;158(9):2200–2211.
Mix JA, Crews WD. An examination of the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract Egb 761 on the neuropsychiatric functioning of cognitively intact older adults. J Alt Comp Med . 000;6(3):219-229.
Moher D, Pham B, Ausejo M, Saenz A, Hood S, Barber GG. Pharmacological management of intermittent claudication: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Drugs . 2000;59(5):1057-1070.
Nathan, P. J., Harrison, B. J., and Bartholomeusz, C. Ginkgo and memory. JAMA . 2-5-2003;289(5):546-548.
Oh SM, Chung KH. Antiestrogenic activities of Ginkgo biloba extracts. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol . 2006;100(4-5):167-76.
Oken BS, Storzbach DM, Kaye JA. The efficacy of Ginkgo biloba on cognitive function in Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol . 1998;55:1409-1415.
Persson, J., Bringlov, E., Nilsson, L. G., and Nyberg, L. The memory-enhancing effects of Ginseng and Ginkgo biloba in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004;172(4):430-434.
Peters H, Kieser M, Holscher U. Demonstration of the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba special extract Egb 761 on intermittent claudication a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Vasa . 1998;27:105–110.
Pittler MH, Ernst E. Ginkgo biloba extract for the treatment of intermittent claudication: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med . 2000;108(4):276-281.
Rai GS, Shovlin C, Wesnes KA. A double-blind, placebo controlled study of Ginkgo biloba extract ('tanakan') in elderly outpatients with mild to moderate memory impairment. Curr Med Res Opin 1991;12(6):350-355.
Rosenblatt M, Mindel J. Spontaneous hyphema associated with ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract. N Engl J Med . 1997;336:1108.
Rowin J, Lewis SL. Spontaneous bilateral subdural hematomas associated with chronic ginkgo. Neurol . 1996;46:1775–1776.
Schneider LS, DeKosky ST, Farlow MR, Tariot PN, Hoerr R, Kieser M. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of two doses of Ginkgo biloba extract in dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Curr Alzheimer Res . 2005;2(5):541-51.
Sikora R, Sohn M, Deutz F-J, et al. Ginkgo biloba extract in the therapy of erectile dysfunction. J Urol . 1989;141:188A.
Trick, L., Boyle, J., and Hindmarch, I. The effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (LI 1370) supplementation and discontinuation on activities of daily living and mood in free living older volunteers. Phytother Res . 2004;18(7):531-537.
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Vellas, B., and Grandjean, H. Association of Alzheimer's disease onset with ginkgo biloba and other symptomatic cognitive treatments in a population of women aged 75 years and older from the EPIDOS study. J Gerontol A Biol.Sci.Med Sci . 2003;58(4):372-377.
Review Date: 1/26/2007
Reviewed By: Ernest B. Hawkins, MS, BSPharm, RPh, Health Education Resources; and Steven D. Ehrlich, N.M.D., private practice specializing in complementary and alternative medicine, Phoenix, AZ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/ginkgo-biloba-000247.htm

2008-01-11T09:05:00.000-08:00
CANADIAN GINSENG
518mg TABLETS
Ginseng is known to have many benefits on the body and is excellent for general well being. It seems to harmonize body systems and works on the organs by tuning them. Chinese traditional health care has used herbs like ginseng as their foundation for over five thousand years. Ginseng has a stimulating effect and can increase energy and stamina. Is made from the roots of Canadian Ginseng. This premium product has been standardized to contain 5% Ginsenosides which is the principle active ingredient of Ginseng. Canadian Ginseng is a 100% pure natural organic herb that is tested for high potency. QUANTITY: 60 Tablets WARNING: Not recommended for pregnant or lactating women or those with high blood pressure. DIRECTION: Adults: Take one tablet three times daily or as directed by a health practioner INGREDIENT: - Standardized Ontario Ginseng 518 mg
CANADIAN GINSENG 518mg TABLETS
# 147301
RED CHINESE GINSENG
500mg TABLETS
Used as panacea (all healing). Good for well being. From red ginseng roots that are six years old. QUANTITY: 90 Tablets WARNING: Not recommended for pregnant or lactating women or those with high blood pressure. DIRECTION: Adults: Take one tablet three times daily or as directed by a health practioner. INGREDIENT: - Red Chinese Ginseng 500 mg
RED CHINESE GINSENG 500mg TABLETS
# 147702
SIBERIAN GINSENG
500mg TABLETS
Siberian Ginseng Powder (Eleutherococcus Senticosus) is made from wild, fully matured plants, that have been harvested from a remote pollution-free northern Pacific island. Stimulates both physical and mental activity. Improves endocrine glandular function. It is used for fatigue as it spares glycogen utilization in the muscle by increasing the use of fatty acids as a energy source. QUANTITY: 90 Tablets WARNING: Not recommended for pregnant or lactating women or those with high blood pressure. DIRECTION: Adults: Take two to four tablets daily or as directed by a health practioner. INGREDIENT: - Siberian Ginseng 500 mg
SIBERIAN GINSENG 500mg TABLETS
# 147201
STANDARDIZED PANAX KOREAN GINSENG
500mg SOFT GEL CAPSULES
Asian Ginseng (Korean, Chinese) (Panax Ginseng) contains a class of saponins called Ginsenosides. Decades of intense research have substantiated that most of the physiological properties of ginseng are attributed to these Ginsenosides. Standardized Asian ginseng is made from the roots of the Korean variety of panax ginseng, because the roots of this variety contain high levels of the Ginsenoside fraction than any other species of ginseng. The root contains a characteristic profile of ginsenosides and contains all of the principle active constituents of the herb. Panax ginseng is indicated for the following uses: • Central nervous systems stimulant. • Hypertensive. • Fatigue. • Enchanced mental acuity, intellectual performance. • Stimulation of immune system. • Impeded hypertrophy and atrophy of adrenals. • Regulator of blood sugar level. • Regulator of red/white blood cells • Exert some anti-tumor effects. • Anti-Diuretic effect. • Some positive effect on male sterility. • Heals deformities of the cornea, especially recent cloudy opacities. • Some female (estrogenic) hormonal activity. • Anabolic: Stimulates DNA, protein and lipid synthesis in bone marrow; may be responsible for observations of increased body. phosphate compounds; increases RNA and DNA content of adrenals and lymph nodes. QUANTITY: 60 Capsules WARNING: Not recommended for those with high blood pressure, allergies to soya or pregnant or lactating women. DIRECTION: Adults: Take one to three capsules daily or as directed by a health practioner. INGREDIENT: - Standardized Korean Ginseng 500 mg
STANDARDIZED PANAX KOREAN GINSENG
500mg SOFT GEL CAPSULES
# 147401
STANDARDIZED SIBERIAN GINSENG 250mg CAPSULESSiberian Ginseng (Eleutherococcus Senticosus) is a tall wild deciduous shrub with many stalks and a woody root (not the typical rootstocks of the other ginsengs). The root has been used for 2000 years in China as a general preventative medicine and tonic. Siberian Ginseng is standardized to 0.4% Eleutherosides and has been indicated for the following uses: • Adaptogen • Stress • Fatigue, restore vigour • Allergies, hay fever • Resistance to infections • Increase concentration, improve performance • Immunoregulator, mainly immunostimulantQUANTITY: 60 Capsules WARNING: Not recommended for pregnant or lactating women or those with high blood pressure. DIRECTION: Adults: Take two to four capsules daily or as directed by a health practioner
http://www.swissnatural.ca/

AMERICAN GINSENG Ginseng is widely used to strengthen the immune system, and increase strength and vigor. Both American and Asian ginsengs belong to the species Panax and are similar in their chemical composition.
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2008-01-11T05:33:00.000-08:00
marjoram
Your Guide to Lowering Cholesterol with TLC (Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes) (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) - Large PDF file
... For Meat, Poultry, and Fish Beef Bay leaf, marjoram, nutmeg, onion, pepper, sage, thyme Lamb Curry powder, ... pepper, oregano Veal Bay leaf, curry powder, ginger, marjoram, oregano Chicken Ginger, marjoram, oregano, paprika, poultry seasoning, ...
www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/chol/chol_tlc.pdf - External Health Links
Herbs and Spices: A Cook's Guide to Common Seasonings (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
... powder Chives Cilantro Curry powder Ginger (dried) Mace Marjoram Nutmeg Oregano Paprika Rosemary Sage Thyme Introduction Want ... such as carrots, broccoli, brussels sprouts and cauliflower Marjoram Description: Marjoram is similar to oregano but also ...
www.mayoclinic.com/health/herbs-and-spices/NU00638 - External Health Links
Cutting Out the Salt, Finding the Flavor of Life (Diabetes Insipidus Foundation)
... a fish dinner, dill, basil (especially with tomatoes), marjoram, and cilantro are terrific. In the meat ... Tb oregano 1 Tb garlic powder 4 tsp marjoram 4 tsp onion powder 2 tsp dill weed ...
www.diabetesinsipidus.org/4di_cutting_out_the_salt.htm - External Health Links
Your Guide to Lowering Blood Pressure (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) - Large PDF file
... and vegetables Ginger Soups, salads, vegetables, and meats Marjoram Soups, salads, vegetables, beef, fish, and chicken Nutmeg ...
www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/hbp/hbp_low/hbp_low.pdf - External Health Links
Protect Your Heart! Prevent High Blood Pressure (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute)
... Fish Curry powder, pepper, lemon juice, ginger, marjoram, onion, paprika Pork Garlic, onion, sage, ginger, curry, ...
www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/other/chdblack/protect1.htm - External Health Links
Cooking for Lower Cholesterol (American Heart Association)
... squash Oregano with zucchini Dill with green beans Marjoram with Brussels sprouts, carrots and spinach Basil with ...
www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=515 - External Health Links
Coping with Rosacea: Tripwires (National Rosacea Society)
... thyme, 1/8 tsp allspice, 1/8 tsp marjoram. Curry powder -- 4 tsp coriander, 2 tsp turmeric, ...
www.rosacea.org/patients/materials/coping/tripwires.php - External Health Links
Stocking a Heart-Healthy Kitchen (Cleveland Clinic Foundation)
... powder Dill, garlic powder, ground ginger, Italian seasoning, marjoram, and mint Nutmeg, onion powder, oregano, paprika, and ...
www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/3600/3610.asp?index=11916 - External Health Links

2008-01-11T05:11:00.000-08:00

migrain

1:
Related Articles,
Links Tomita H, Hatakeyama K, Soda W, Kobayashi T.

Efficacy of ticlopidine for preventing migraine after transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect with Amplatzer septal occluder: a case report.
J Cardiol. 2007 Jun;49(6):357-60.
PMID: 17633574 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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[Migrain in children]
Arch Pediatr. 2006 Jun;13(6):811-4. Epub 2006 May 12. French. No abstract available.
PMID: 16698241 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
3:
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[Hypothetical aspects of the preventive effectiveness of controlled reflex and stimulation therapy (exemplified by acupuncture and PuTENS) in migraine]
Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol (Leipz). 1990 Aug;42(8):500-7. Review. German.
PMID: 2247531 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
4:
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[Value of the piribedil test in diagnosing migraine. Apropos of 150 cases]
Rev Neurol (Paris). 1983;139(3):215-8. French.
PMID: 6612136 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
5:
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Links Harder HJ.

[Treatment of migrain blanche and ophthalmique with blocks of the superior cervical ganglion. A positive study on 84 patients (author's transl)]
Anaesthesist. 1981 Jan;30(1):1-9. German.
PMID: 7468996 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
6:
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Links Evreux M, Veyre B.

[Original treatment of headache and migraine]
Sem Hop. 1978 Mar;54(5-8):295-7. French.
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7:
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Links Ghose K, Coppen A, Carrol D.

Intravenous tyramine response in migraine before and during treatment with indoramin.
Br Med J. 1977 May 7;1(6070):1191-3.
PMID: 324566 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
8:
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Cluster headache syndrome and migrain. Ophthalmological support for a two-entity theory.
Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1977 Feb;55(1):35-51.
PMID: 576545 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
9:
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Links Tsirlin MIa.

[Rheoencephalographic findings in migrainous cephalalgia and their dynamics during treatment with stugeron]
Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 1977;77(3):343-7. Russian.
PMID: 857528 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
10:
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[Headache]
Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1976;30(2):161-245. French.
PMID: 988703 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
11:
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[Migrain families. Genetic aspects of migraine]
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr Grenzgeb. 1969 Oct;37(10):521-44. German. No abstract available.
PMID: 5196687 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
12:
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Links EROKHINA LG.

[PERIODIC MIGRAIN NEURALGIA.]
Klin Med (Mosk). 1964 Sep;42:99-104. Russian. No abstract available.
PMID: 14246661 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
13:
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2008-01-09T02:20:00.000-08:00

L-Carnitine

Also indexed as: Propionyl-L-Carnitine

See also: L-Carnitine for Sports & Fitness, Drug interactions
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Introduction
Where found
Helpful for
Are you deficient?
Amount to take
Side effects & interactions
References

L-carnitine is made in the body from the amino acids lysine and methionine, and is needed to release energy from fat. It transports fatty acids into mitochondria, the powerhouses of cells. In infancy, and in situations of high energy needs, such as pregnancy and breast-feeding, the need for L-carnitine can exceed production by the body. Therefore, L-carnitine is considered a "conditionally essential" nutrient.1

Where is it found?
Dairy and red meat contain the greatest amounts of carnitine. Therefore, people who have a limited intake of meat and dairy products tend to have lower L-carnitine intakes.

L-carnitine has been used in connection with the following conditions (refer to the individual health concern for complete information):
Science Rating
Health Concerns
Angina Congestive heart failure (propionyl-L-carnitine)Heart attack Intermittent claudication (propionyl-L-carnitine)
Anemia (for thalassemia) Attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder Chronic fatigue syndrome Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)Erectile dysfunction (in combination with acetyl-L-carnitine)High triglycerides Infertility (male) Intermittent claudication Multiple sclerosis (for drug-induced fatigue)Sickle cell anemia Sprains and strains (for preventing exercise-related muscle injury)Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes
Athletic performance (for ultra-endurance only)Beta thalassemia majorCardiomyopathy (only for children with inherited cardiomyopathy)Chemotherapy-induced fatigueHigh cholesterol Liver cirrhosis Mitral valve prolapse Raynaud’s disease Weight loss
Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit. Contradictory, insufficient, or preliminary studies suggesting a health benefit or minimal health benefit. For an herb, supported by traditional use but minimal or no scientific evidence. For a supplement, little scientific support and/or minimal health benefit.

Who is likely to be deficient?
Carnitine deficiencies are rare, even in strict vegetarians, because the body produces carnitine relatively easily.
Rare genetic diseases can cause a carnitine deficiency. Also, deficiencies are occasionally associated with other diseases, such as diabetes and cirrhosis.2 3 Among people with diabetes, carnitine deficiency is more likely to be found in persons experiencing complications of diabetes (such as retinopathy, hyperlipidemia, or neuropathy), suggesting that carnitine deficiency may play a role in the development of these complications.4 A carnitine deficiency can also result from oxygen deprivation which can occur in some heart conditions. In Italy, L-carnitine is prescribed for heart failure, heart arrhythmias, angina, and lack of oxygen to the heart.5

How much is usually taken?
Most people do not need carnitine supplements. For therapeutic use, typical amounts are 1–3 grams per day.
It remains unclear whether the propionyl-L-carnitine form of carnitine used in congestive heart failure research has greater benefits than the L-carnitine form, since limited research in both animals and humans with the more common L-carnitine has also shown very promising effects.6

Are there any side effects or interactions?
L-carnitine has not been consistently linked with any toxicity.
The body needs lysine, methionine, vitamin C, iron, niacin, and vitamin B6 to produce carnitine.

Are there any drug interactions? Certain medicines may interact with L-carnitine. Refer to drug interactions for a list of those medicines.

References
1. Giovannini M, Agostoni C, Salari PC. Is carnitine essential in children? J Int Med Res 1991;19:88-102.
2. Dipalma JR. Carnitine deficiency. Am Fam Physician 1988;38:243–51.
3. Kendler BS. Carnitine: an overview of its role in preventive medicine. Prev Med 1986;15:373–90.
4. Tamamogullari N, Silig Y, Icagasioglu S, Atalay A. Carnitine deficiency in diabetes mellitus complications. J Diabetes Complications 1999;13:251–3.
5. Del Favero A. Carnitine and gangliosides. Lancet 1988;2:337 [letter].
6. Kobayashi A, Masumura Y, Yamazaki N. L-carnitine treatment for congestive heart failure—experimental and clinical study. Jpn Circ J 1992;56:86–94.

2008-01-09T02:01:00.000-08:00
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
(Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome)
by Rick Alan
Definition Causes Risk Factors Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention
En Español (Spanish Version)
More InDepth Information on This Condition
Definition
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by chronic, debilitating fatigue that lasts at least six months. The fatigue is not relieved by bed rest and is often made worse by physical or mental activity. It is accompanied by symptoms that are severe enough to impair or interfere with daily activities. People who have CFS perform at a significantly lower level compared to their activity prior to the onset of the illness.
Causes
The cause of CFS is unknown. Researchers are studying the interrelationship of stress, the immune system, toxins, the central nervous system, and activation of latent virus as possible triggers of a neuroendocrine response.
Risk Factors
A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition. Data has shown that the following factors seem to be associated with the development of CFS.
Sex: female
Age: 40-59 years old. But people of all ages can develop CFS.

Symptoms
Symptoms vary from person to person. They include:
Unexplained, new onset, persistent fatigue that is not relieved with bed rest and often worsens with physical or mental activity
Muscle aches over six months
Joint pain without swelling or redness over six months
Headaches over six months
Trouble with short-term memory or concentration
Forgetfulness or confusion
Irritability, anxiety, panic attacks, mood swings, or depression
Sore throat over six months
Tender lymph nodes over six months
Trouble sleeping or not feeling refreshed after sleep over six months
Prolonged fatigue lasting 24 hours or more after exercise
Visual disturbances: eyes sensitive to light, blurring, pain
Reduced activities (social, job-related, educational, and personal)
Dizziness, balance problems, or fainting
Brain fog
Chills and night sweats
Allergies or sensitivities to foods, chemicals, odors, medications, or noise
Irritable bowel

Diagnosis
The doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and medications and will perform a physical exam. There are no specific diagnostic tests for CFS, but the doctor will perform several tests to rule out other conditions that can have similar symptoms.
The doctor will look for the following signs to determine if you have CFS:
Severe, chronic fatigue for at least six months that is not due to another illness or medical cause, AND
At least four of the following symptoms according to the International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group Criteria:
Impairment of short-term memory or concentration
Sore throat
Tender lymph nodes
Muscle pain
Joint pain without swelling or redness
Headaches of a new type, severity, or pattern
Unrefreshing sleep
Prolonged fatigue lasting 24 hours or more after exercise

Treatment
The main goal of CFS treatment is to achieve symptom relief.
Treatments for CFS include:
Physical Activity
CFS patients should avoid overexertion and physical and emotional stress. Moderate exercise that is monitored by a physician or physical therapist may improve symptoms. Light exercise and stretching four hours before bedtime may help with sleep.
Physical Therapies
Massage
Stretching
Tai chi
Yoga
Diet and Nutrition
A well-balanced diet can help prevent nutritional deficiencies and weight fluctuations. Nutritional supplements cannot make up for an inadequate diet. Patients should avoid any foods they may be sensitive to.
Counseling
CFS can be mentally and physically debilitating. Depression is common among people with CFS; as many as half develop depression as a consequence of CFS. Psychotherapy and supportive counseling often help CFS patients cope with the disorder. Relaxation training, stress management, and sleep hygiene counseling may also help.
Cognitive behavioral therapy, activity pacing, and envelope theory, which help patients learn how to moderate activity and spread it evenly throughout the day, without overexerting themselves.
Medications
Medications used to treat specific symptoms of CFS include:
Antidepressants—to help improve sleep and relieve depression
Anti-anxiety drugs—to treat panic disorders suffered by some CFS patients
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), acetaminophen, aspirin—to treat pain and fever
Stimulants—mild ones may be helpful, but strong stimulants may cause the “push-crash cycle” and lead to relapse.
Sedatives—to help with insomnia
Experimental Treatments
The following experimental treatments are sometimes used for CFS, but have not been proven to be effective. Talk to your doctor before trying any experimental treatments.
Experimental drugs
Dietary and vitamin supplements (eg, magnesium)
Herbal remedies (eg, evening primrose oil)
Acupuncture
Aquatic therapy
Chiropractic therapy
Self-hypnosis

Prevention
There are no guidelines for preventing CFS because the cause is not known. RESOURCES:
Centers for Disease Control and Preventionhttp://www.cdc.gov
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome Association of Americahttp://www.cfids.org
REFERENCES:
American Academy of Physicians website. Available at: http://www.aap.org .
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ .
Chronic fatigue syndrome. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/cfs . Accessed on March 13, 2007.
Chronic fatigue syndrome. The Merck Manual Online Medical Library website. Available at: http://www.merck.c... . Accessed on March 13, 2007.
Chronic fatigue syndrome: healthcare professionals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. at: Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/cfs/healthcareprofessionals.htm . Accessed on March 13, 2007.
Craig T, Kakumanu S. Chronic fatigue syndrome: evaluation and treatment. Am Fam Physician . 2002;65:1083-90.
Darbishire L, Ridsdale L, Seed PT. Distinguishing patients with chronic fatigue from those with chronic fatigue syndrome: a diagnostic study in UK primary care. Br J Gen Pract . 2003;53:441-5.
The Merck Manual of Medical Information . Simon and Schuster, Inc.; 2000.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases website. Available at: http://www.niaid.nih.gov .
National Institutes of Health website. Available at: http://www.nih.gov/ .
Prins JB, Bleijenberg G, Bazelmans E, et al. Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a multicertre randomized controlled trial. Lancet . 2001;357:841-7.
Reeves WC, Wagner D, Nisenbaum R, et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome—a clinically empirical approach to its definition and study. BMC Medicine . 2005;3:19. Available at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/3/19 . Accessed on March 13, 2007.
Reid S, Chalder T, Cleare A, et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome. In: Clinical Evidence . London, England: BMJ Publishing Group; 2004:12.
Rimes KA, Chalder T. Treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome. Occup Med . 2005;55:32-39.
Last reviewed March 2007 by Janet Greenhut, MD, MPH
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Copyright © 2008 EBSCO Publishing All rights reserved.
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2008-01-09T01:54:00.000-08:00
ToxFAQs™forSelenium(Selenio)September 2003
PDF Version, 85 KB
CAS#: 7782-49-2
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions about selenium. For more information, you may call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. This information is important because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present.
Highlights
What is selenium?
What happens to selenium when it enters the environment?
How might I be exposed to selenium?
How can selenium affect my health?
How likely is selenium to cause cancer?
How can selenium affect children?
How can families reduce the risk of exposure to selenium?
Is there a medical test to show whether I've been exposed to selenium?
Has the federal government made recommendations to protect human health?
References
Contact Information
top
Highlights
People may be exposed to low levels of selenium daily through food and water. Selenium is a trace mineral needed in small amounts for good health, but exposure to much higher levels can result in neurological effects and brittle hair and deformed nails. Occupational inhalation exposure to selenium vapors may cause dizziness, fatigue, irritation of mucous membranes, and respiratory effects. This substance has been found in at least 508 of the 1,636 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
What is selenium?
Selenium is a naturally occurring mineral element that is distributed widely in nature in most rocks and soils. In its pure form, it exists as metallic gray to black hexagonal crystals, but in nature it is usually combined with sulfide or with silver, copper, lead, and nickel minerals. Most processed is used in the electronics industry, but it is also used: as a nutritional supplement; in the glass industry; as a component of pigments in plastics, paints, enamels, inks, and rubber; in the preparation of pharmaceuticals; as a nutritional feed additive for poultry and livestock; in pesticide formulations; in rubber production; as an ingredient in antidandruff shampoos; and as a constituent of fungicides. Radioactive सेलेनिम
इस used in diagnostic medicine.
What happens to selenium when it enters the environment?
Selenium occurs naturally in the environment and can be released by both natural and manufacturing processes.
Selenium dust can enter the air from burning coal and oil. This selenium dust will eventually settle over the land and water.
It also enters water from rocks and soil, and from agricultural and industrial waste. Some selenium compounds will dissolve in water, and some will settle to the bottom as particles.
Insoluble forms of selenium will remain in soil, but soluble forms are very mobile and may enter surface water from soils.
Selenium may accumulate up the food chain.
How might I be exposed to selenium?
The general population is exposed to very low levels of selenium in air, food, and water. The majority of the daily intake comes from food.
People working in or living near industries where selenium is produced, processed, or converted into commercial products may be exposed to higher levels of selenium in the air.
People living in the vicinity of hazardous waste sites or coal burning plants may also be exposed to higher levels of selenium.
How can selenium affect my health?
Selenium has both beneficial and harmful effects. Low doses of selenium are needed to maintain good health. However, exposure to high levels can cause adverse health effects. Short-term oral exposure to high concentrations of selenium may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Chronic oral exposure to high concentrations of selenium compounds can produce a disease called selenosis. The major signs of selenosis are hair loss, nail brittleness, and neurological abnormalities (such as numbness and other odd sensations in the extremities).
Brief exposures to high levels of elemental selenium or selenium dioxide in air can result in respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, difficulty breathing, and stomach pains. Longer-term exposure to either of these air-borne forms can cause respiratory irritation, bronchial spasms, and coughing. Levels of these forms of selenium that would be necessary to produce such effects are normally not seen outside of the workplace.
Animal studies have shown that very high amounts of selenium can affect sperm production and the female reproductive cycle. We do not know if similar effects would occur in humans.
How likely is selenium to cause cancer?
Studies of laboratory animals and people show that most selenium compounds probably do not cause cancer. In fact, studies in humans suggest that lower-than-normal selenium levels in the diet might increase the risk of cancer.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that selenium and selenium compounds are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans.
The EPA has determined that one specific form of selenium, selenium sulfide, is a probable human carcinogen. Selenium sulfide is not present in foods and is a very different chemical from the organic and inorganic selenium compounds found in foods and in the environment.
How can selenium affect children?
It is likely that the health effects seen in children exposed to selenium will be similar to the effects seen in adults. However, one study found that children may be less susceptible to the health effects of selenium than adults.
Selenium compounds have not been shown to cause birth defects in humans or in other mammals.

How can families reduce the risk of exposure to selenium?
Certain dietary supplements and shampoos contain selenium; these should be used according to the manufacturer's directions.
Children living near waste sites that contain selenium or coal burning plants should be encouraged to wash their hands before eating and to avoid putting their unwashed hands in their mouths.

Is there a medical test to show whether I've been exposed to selenium?
Low levels of selenium are normally found in body tissues and urine. Blood and urine tests for selenium are most useful for people who have recently been exposed to high levels. Toenail clippings can be used to determine longer term exposure. These tests are not usually available at your doctor's office, but your doctor can send the samples to a laboratory that can perform the tests. None of these tests, however, can predict whether you will experience any health effects.
Has the federal government made recommendations to protect human health?
The EPA restricts the amount of selenium allowed in public water supplies to 50 parts total selenium per billion parts of water (50 ppb).
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets a limit of 0.2 mg selenium/m3 of workroom air for an 8-hour work shift.
ATSDR and the EPA have determined that 5 micrograms of selenium per kilogram of body weight taken daily would not be expected to cause any adverse health effects over a lifetime of such intake.
References
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2003. Toxicological Profile for Selenium. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
Where can I get more information?
ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality department if you have any more questions or concerns.
For more information, contact:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32Atlanta, GA 30333 Phone: 1-800-CDC-INFO • 888-232-6348 (TTY) FAX: 770-488-4178Email: cdcinfo@cdc.gov

2008-01-08T02:26:00.000-08:00
Flaxseed Oil
What is it? Flaxseed oil is an herbal medicine taken by mouth for constipation (difficulty having a bowel movement), irritable bowel, inflammation (swelling and soreness) of the colon, stomach inflammation, and for bowels damaged by the frequent use of laxatives. Flax may be placed on the skin to treat redness and pain. Other names for Flaxseed include: Flax, Flachs, Grain de Lin, and Lini semen. Ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist if you need more information about this medicine or if any information in this leaflet concerns you.
Before Using: Tell your doctor if you
are taking medicine or are allergic to any medicine (prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) or dietary supplement)
are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medicine
are breastfeeding
have any other health problems, such as high blood pressure or heart or blood vessel disease
Dosage: Talk with your caregiver about how much Flaxseed oil you should take. The amount depends on the strength of the medicine and the reason you are taking Flaxseed oil. If you are using this medicine without instructions from your caregiver, follow the directions on the medicine bottle. Do not take more medicine or take it more often than the directions tell you to. To store this medicine: Keep all medicine locked up and away from children. Store medicine away from heat and direct light. Do not store your medicine in the bathroom, near the kitchen sink, or in other damp places. Heat or moisture may cause the medicine to break down and not work the way it should work. Throw away medicine that is out of date or that you do not need. Never share your medicine with others.
Drug and Food Interactions:Do not take Flaxseed oil without talking to your doctor first if you are taking:
Other medicines, as it may cause problems with absorption into the body of the other drugs when taken at the same time
Warnings:
Before taking Flaxseed oil, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding
Flaxseed oil works best when taken with food (1)
May cause ileus (intestinal blockage) (4)
May cause a thyroid problem (5)
Do not take more than 0.3 milligram/kilogram (6)
In inflammatory (sore and swollen) bowel conditions, Flaxseed must be presoaked before use (5)
Side Effects:Stop taking your medicine right away and talk to your doctor if you have any of the following side effects. Your medicine may be causing these symptoms which may mean you are allergic to it.
Breathing problems or tightness in your throat or chest
Chest pain
Skin hives, rash, or itchy or swollen skin
Other Side Effects:You may have the following side effects, but this medicine may also cause other side effects. Tell your doctor if you have side effects that you think are caused by this medicine.
No known side effects as long as enough water is taken with the seeds (1)
References:
1। Blumenthal, Busse, Goldberg et al: Flaxseed. The Complete German Commission E monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines, The American Botanical Council, Austin, TX; 1998. 2. Arjmandi BH, Khan DA, Juma S, et al: Whole flaxseed consumption lowers serum LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) concentrations in postmenopausal women. Nutr Res 1998;18(7):1203-1214. 3. Allman MA, Pena MM & Pang D: Supplementation with flaxseed oil versus sunflowerseed oil in healthy young men consuming a low fat diet: effects on platelet composition and function. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995; 49(3):169-178. 4. Brinker F: Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. Eclectic Institute Inc, Sandy, OR; 1997. 5. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R et al (eds): Linum usitatissimum L. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook: guidelines for the safe use and labeling for herbs in commerce. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; 1997. 6. Bisset NG & Wichtl M (eds): Lini semen. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals: a handbook for practice on a scientific basis. Medpharm Scientific Publishers, CRC Press, Stuttgart, Germany; 1994:298-300.
http://www.pdrhealth.com/drugs/altmed/altmed-mono.aspx?contentFileName=ame0074.xml&contentName=Flaxseed+Oil&contentId=237

2008-01-08T02:11:00.000-08:00
Flaxseed and Flaxseed Oil

The flax plant yields the fiber from which linen is woven, as well as seeds and oil. Flaxseed oil, also called linseed oil, has many industrial uses. Flaxseed oil also comes in an edible form. Like olive, canola, and most other plant oils, flaxseed is highly unsaturated and heart-healthy. And flaxseeds are rich in yet another very interesting component—lignans—which may have anti-cancer properties. Lignans are a type of fiber, and at the same time a type of phytoestrogen—a chemical similar to the human hormone estrogen. When you eat lignans, bacteria in the digestive tract convert them into estrogen-like substances called enterodiol and enterolactone, which are thought to have anti-tumor effects. Lignans and other flaxseed components may also have antioxidant properties—that is, they may reduce the activity of cell-damaging free radicals. (Flaxseed oil lacks lignans, but some processors add them to their oil.)

Besides lignans, flaxseeds and their oil are also the best food sources of an essential fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid. “Essential” means we must consume it, because our bodies cannot manufacture it. Essential fatty acids are important for cell membranes, blood pressure regulation, and other functions. Alpha-linolenic acid is an omega-3, similar to some of the fatty acids in fish oil. Omega-3s may reduce blood clotting, thus lessening the chance of a fatal heart attack. Flaxseeds and flaxseed oil may also lower total blood cholesterol, as well as LDL (“bad”) cholesterol. But any highly unsaturated oil will do that, particularly if substituted for saturated fats. You can find alpha-linolenic acid in canola oil and walnuts, among other sources.

Claims, purported benefits: Prevents heart disease and cancer.

Bottom line: These claims are overstated. Flaxseed oil is heart-healthy because it contains alpha-linolenic acid. Flaxseed itself (ground or whole) also contains lignans, which may have antioxidant actions and may help protect against certain cancers, though this is far from certain. Add flaxseed and flaxseed oil to your diet if you wish. But don’t take flaxseed supplements. Plant estrogens, like human hormones, are not always benign. At high doses—and no one knows how much is too much—lignans might turn into cancer promoters.

NEW: Wellness Report on Dietary Supplements 2007

Have you ever wondered about the health claims on a bottle of vitamins, herbs, or some other “natural” remedy? Been curious about how a popular supplement works—and what the evidence is for its effectiveness and safety? Are you helping yourself—or throwing your money away—when you buy a particular supplement?
You can find answers to all your questions in Dietary Supplements 2007—the first in a new series of special Wellness Reports by Dr. John Swartzberg and the editors of the UC Berkeley Wellness Letter. Whether you already take supplements or are thinking about it, you will benefit from the expert advice in this concise yet comprehensive 64-page report. It provides up-to-date information on 60 of the most widely used supplements and includes in-depth reviews of supplements recently in the news—from glucosamine and fish oil to those claiming to enhance your memory and your sex life.
With this single convenient resource, you can quickly check the facts behind the claims, discover what the latest studies show, learn which products are safe or harmful।
http://www.berkeleywellness.com/html/ds/dsFlaxseed.php

2007-04-27T23:54:00.000-07:00
http://www.smartstart.com/recipes.shtml

2007-04-27T23:48:00.000-07:00

2007-04-05T13:13:00.000-07:00
http://www.pharmamedics.com

2007-03-23T01:12:00.001-07:00
Authors
K. Kusakari, M. Yokoyama, S. Inomata
Abstract
The effect of sugar concentration on the production of saikosaponins was investigated using a root culture of Bupleurum falcatum L. The formation of the lateral roots, which were induced in the presence of indolebutyric acid, was suppressed as the sugar concentration was increased. After the lateral root tips had emerged from the inoculated roots, however, high concentrations of sugar showed no inhibitory effect on the development of the lateral roots. A two-step culture, with 1% sucrose at the beginning of the culture and addition of 6% sucrose at 14 days, when lateral roots have emerged, greatly improved the productivity, affording 0.8 g/l of saikosaponin-a and -d.
Keywords
Key words Bupleurum falcatum · Saikosaponin · Root culture · Sucrose · Two-step culture
http://www.springerlink.com/content/wunky7t35anftw04/

2007-02-27T03:12:00.000-08:00
The nutrient Co-Enzyme
The nutrient Co-Enzyme Q10 is found in every cell of the body, thus its other name, ubiqui-none. Ubiquinone is a naturally occuring substance with a molecular structure similar to vitamin K. Because the body must have energy to perform even the simplest operation, Co-EnzymeQ10 is an essential component of the mitochondria - the energy producing part of the cell. Often referred to as nature’s spark-plug because, like a car engine, the body cannot function properly without the initial spark from Co-Q10. Professor Crane and his colleagues at the University of Wilconsin first discovered this exciting nutrient in 1957.Even though the body has the ability to produce Co-Enzyme Q10, deficiency states can exist. Ageing contributes to this nutrient deficiency, as the liver slowly loses its ability to synthesis Co-Q10.Research now indicates that C0-Q10 supplementation can provide significant benefit in the treatment of a number of health disorders. Free radicals are highly reactive substances that can cause cellular damage. Co-Q10 is a powerful antioxidant acting as a free radical scavenger. Co-Q10 is beneficial for oxygen uptake and the proper functioning of muscles, thereby improving stamina, endurance and assisting in a general feeling of well being. The primary clinical application of Co-Q10 focus on the cardiovascular system. As the heart muscle is one of the most metabolically active tissues in the body, a Co-Q10 deficiency can affect heart function.Studies show that Co-Enzyme Q10, dissolved in vegetable oil in a soft gelatine capsule as with Thompson’s Co-Q10, is more readily absorbed than Co-Enzyme Q10 in other dosage forms.Cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse, coronary bypass and angina can benefit from Co-Q10 supplementation. Co-Q10 also has therapeutic value in the prevention and treatment of periodontal or gum disease by speeding up healing time and reducing gum pockets. Immune deficiencies, cancer, diabetes and muscular dystrophy may improve with regular use of this important nutrient.Co-Q10 can act as a ‘performance-enhancing ‘agent in atheletes and may also benefit in weight-loss due to an increase in energy production at cellular level.

2007-02-23T12:09:00.000-08:00
Bupleurum (Bupleurum falcatum)( Chai hu)

Bupleurum is an adaptogen with the ability to enhance the function of the adrenal glands, the principle source of progesterone in women no longer having monthly cycles. It also enhances liver function & calms the nervous system. It can be very helpful in encouraging the adrenal glands to help make menopause a smooth transition. This herb may be used by any menopause type® and is particularly helpful in women with symptoms that suggest progesterone deficiencies. Menopause types® that may benefit significantly by using this herb include Menopause Types® 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 & 12.
Learn more about your menopause type®. . .
Please review page 233 - 234 in "What's Your Menopause Type?"
See below for a list of actions and properties.

Actions: adaptogen, adrenal gland alterative, anabolic, anodyne, antibacterial, anticancer,
antifungal, antihypercholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, antiseptic,
antispasmodic, antitumor, antiviral, astringent, cholagogue, circulatory stimulant, depurative,
digestive, diuretic, hemostyptic, hepatic, immunoenhancer, increases metabolism, sedative,
stomachic, tonic

Traditional uses: adrenal fatigue, anorexia, asthma, bronchitis, cancer, common cold, cough,
depression, diarrhea, dyspepsia, fatigue, fever, gastritis, headache, hypercholesterolemia,
inflammation, influenza, insomnia, lung congestion, menopausal symptoms, menstrual disorders,
morning sickness, nausea, neurosis, painful menstruation, PMS, postpartum depression,
rheumatism, sore throat, stomachache, tinnitus, ulcers, vomiting arthritis, cardiovascular disease,
common cold, dermatitis, dizziness, edema heart palpitation, hepatitis, immunodeficiency,
inflammation, jaundice, liver disorders, skin disorders, spasms

2007-02-23T11:56:00.000-08:00

Bupleurum

See also: Drug interactions

Botanical names: Bupleurum chinense, Bupleurum falcatum

Common names: Thorowax, Saiko, Hare’s ear, Chai hu

Botany
Helpful for
Traditional use
How it works
Amount to take
Side Effects & Interactions
References

Parts used and where grown
These Asian plants are part of the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family, and resemble dill or fennel. However, bupleurum has long thin leaves rather than the lacy appearance of fennel and dill leaves. The Chinese name for bupleurum, chai hu, means “kindling of the barbarians.” The origin of this name is unclear. The roots of the plant are used in herbal medicine.

Bupleurum has been used in connection with the following conditions (refer to the individual health concern for complete information):
Rating
Health Concerns
Epilepsy
Hepatitis (viral)
Irritable bowel syndrome (Chinese herbal combination formula containing wormwood, ginger, bupleurum, schisandra, dan shen, and other extracts)
Liver cirrhosis
HIV/AIDS
Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit. Contradictory, insufficient, or preliminary studies suggesting a health benefit or minimal health benefit. For an herb, supported by traditional use but minimal or no scientific evidence. For a supplement, little scientific support and/or minimal health benefit.

Historical or traditional use (may or may not be supported by scientific studies)
Bupleurum has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for thousands of years to help relieve numerous conditions. Most particularly, infections with fever, liver problems, indigestion, hemorrhoids, and uterine prolapse.1
Bupleurum is a key ingredient in the formula known as sho-saiko-to. This is a Japanese kampo or traditional herbal medicine formula based on the traditional Chinese formula xiao-chai-hu-tang. In English, it has been called minor bupleurum formula. Bupleurum makes up 16% of the formula for sho-saiko-to (see below for the complete contents of the formula). Results reported for sho-saiko-to cannot be attributed solely to bupleurum because the other herbs in the formula also contribute.2
Sho-saiko-to (xao-chai-hu-tang or minor bupleurum formula) contains the following:
Bupleurum falcatum (thorowax) root, 16%
Paeonia lactiflora (peony) root, 16%
Pinellia ternata (ban xia) rhizome, 14%
Cinnamomum cassia (cassia) bark, 11%
Zingiber officinale (ginger) rhizome, 11%
Zizyphus jujuba (jujube) fruit, 11%
Panax ginseng (Asian ginseng) root, 8%
Scutellaria baicalensis (Chinese scullcap) root, 8%
Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice, gan cao) rhizome, 5%

Active constituents
Bupleurum contains constituents known as saikosaponins that appear to account for much of the medicinal activity of the plant. Test tube studies have shown that the sho-saiko-to combination can increase production of various chemicals (known as cytokines) that immune cells use to signal one another.3 Test tube studies have also found that saikosaponins can inhibit growth of liver cancer cells,4 and are anti-inflammatory.5 6
Human trials, only one double-blind, have shown that the bupleurum-containing formula sho-saiko-to may help reduce symptoms and blood liver enzyme levels in children and adults with chronic active viral hepatitis.7 8 9 10 Most of these studies were in people with hepatitis B infection, though one preliminary human trial has also shown a benefit in people with hepatitis C.11 Sho-saiko-to was also found, in a large, preliminary (but not double-blind), study to decrease the risk of people with chronic viral hepatitis developing liver cancer.12
Sho-saiko-to has also been used to reduce symptoms of and possibly decrease the severity of liver cirrhosis, though clinical studies on this condition are generally lacking. One randomized trial (it was unclear if this trial was double-blind) found that sho-saiko-to could reduce the rate of liver cancer in people with liver cirrhosis.13
Several uncontrolled trials in Japan have shown that sho-saiko-to or very similar traditional Japanese and Chinese herbal formulas (all containing bupleurum) can reduce seizure frequency and/or severity in people with epilepsy that does not respond to anti-seizure medications.14 15 16 17 However, double-blind trials are still needed to determine the importance of these findings.
Sho-saiko-to has been found to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the test tube.18 Yet, it is unclear to what degree bupleurum or saikosaponins contributed to this effect. Sho-saiko-to also increased the efficacy of the standard anti-HIV drug lamivudine in the test tube.19 Human data are lacking on the benefit of sho-saiko-to or bupleurum in people with HIV infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

How much is usually taken?
Generally 500–2,000 mg bupleurum dry root are taken three times daily in capsules.20 Traditionally, and in some clinical studies, bupleurum was prepared as a tea in which the root is decocted or cooked for hours before use. Some people take 1–4 grams per cup of water, three times daily. Sho-saiko-to formula is typically given in capsules (1.8–2.5 grams) three times per day. The amount given to children should be proportionally reduced based on individual weight and height as compared to adults.21

Are there any side effects or interactions?
Bupleurum and sho-saiko-to taken as a tea can upset the stomach, an effect that tends to be lessened by taking them with food or in capsules. Bupleurum and sho-saiko-to are not recommended during pregnancy and breast-feeding.
Sho-saiko-to has been used alone and with interferon to treat hepatitis. Eighty or more cases of drug-induced pneumonitis (inflammation of the lungs) have been associated with the use of sho-saiko-to alone or with interferon.22 23 24 25 26 Until more is known, sho-saiko-to should not be combined with interferon.
Are there any drug interactions?Certain medicines may interact with bupleurum. Refer to drug interactions for a list of those medicines.

References
1. Bensky D, Gamble A, Kaptchuk T. Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica, rev ed. Seattle: Eastland Press, 1993, 49–50.
2. Watanabe K, Fujino H, Morita T, et al. Solubilization of saponins of Bupleuri radix with ginseng saponins: Cooperative effect of dammarene saponins. Planta Med 1988;54:405–8.
3. Yamashiki M, Nishimura A, Nomoto M, et al. Herbal medicine sho-saiko-to induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in vitro in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastro Hepatol 1996;11:137–42.
4. Motoo Y, Sawabu N. Antitumor effects of saikosaponins, baicalin and baicalein on human hepatoma cell lines. Cancer Lett 1994;86:91–5.
5. Yamamoto M, Kumagai A, Yamamura Y. Structure and actions of saikosaponins isolated from Bupleurum falcatum L. I. Anti-inflammatory action of saikosaponins. Arzneim Forsch 1975;25:1021–3.
6. Utrilla MP, Zarzuelo A, Risco S, et al. Isolation of a saikosaponin responsible for the antiinflammatory activity of Bupleurum gibralticum Lam root extract. Phytother Res 1991;5:43–5.
7. Hirayama C, Okumura M, Tanikawa K, et al. A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial of sho-saiko-to in chronic active hepatitis. Gastroent Jap 1989;24:715–9.
8. Fujiwara K, Ohta Y, Ogata I, et al. Treatment trial of traditional Oriental medicine in chronic viral hepatitis. In: Ohta Y (ed). New Trends in Peptic Ulcer and Chronic Hepatitis: Part II. Chronic Hepatitis. Tokyo: Excerpta Medica, 1987, 141–6.
9. Tajiri H, Kozaiwa K, Osaki Y, et al. The study of the effect of sho-saiko-to on HBeAg clearance in children with chronic HBV infection and with abnormal liver function tests. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1991;94:1811–5.
10. Gibo Y, Nakamura Y, Takahashi N, et al. Clinical study of sho-saiko-to therapy for Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C). Prog Med 1994;14:217–9.
11. Gibo Y, Nakamura Y, Takahashi N, et al. Clinical study of sho-saiko-to therapy for Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C). Prog Med 1994;14:217–9.
12. Oka H, Yamamoto S, Kuroki T, et al. Prospective study of chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma with sho-saiko-to (TJ-9). Cancer 1995;76:743–9.
13. Yamamoto S, Oka H, Kanno T, et al. Controlled prospective trial to evaluate Shosaiko-to in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho (Jpn J Cancer Chemother) 1989;16:1519–24 [in Japanese].
14. Narita Y, Satowa H, Kokubu T, et al. Treatment of epileptic patients with the Chinese herbal medicine ‘saiko-keishi-to’ (SK). IRCS Med Sci 1982;10:88–9.
15. Nagakubo S, Niwa S-I, Kumagai N, et al. Effects of TJ-960 on Sternberg’s paradigm results in epileptic patients. Jpn J Psych Neur 1993;47:609–19.
16. Packer M, Kligler B. Bupleurum for the treatment of epilepsy. Int J Chin Med 1984;1:55–8.
17. Hiramatsu M, Edamatsu R, Kohno M, et al. The possible involvement of free radicals in seizure mechanism. Jpn J Psych 1986;40:349–52.
18. Buimovici-Klein E, Mohan V, Lange M, et al. Inhibition of HIV replication in lymphocyte cultures of virus-positive subjects in the presence of sho-saiko-to, an oriental plant extract. Antiviral Res 1990;14:279–86.
19. Piras G, Makino M, Baba M. Sho-saiko-to, a traditional kampo medicine, enhances the anti-HIV-1 activity of lamivudine (3TC) in vitro. Microbiol Immunol 1997;41:435–9.
20. Bone K. Bupleurum—a natural steroid effect, part 2. MediHerb Professional Newsletter 1996;51:1–2.
21. Tajiri H, Kozaiwa K, Osaki Y, et al. The study of the effect of sho-saiko-to on HBeAg clearance in children with chronic HBV infection and with abnormal liver function tests. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1990;94:1811–5.
22. Nakagawa A, Yamaguchi I, Takao T, Amano H. Five cases of drug-induced pneumonitis due to sho-saiko-to or interferon alpha or both. Nippon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1995;33:1361–6 [in Japanese].
23. Ishizaki T, Sasaki F, Ameshima S, et al. Pneumonitis during interferon and/or herbal drug therapy in patients with chronic active hepatitis. Eur Respir J 1996;9:2691–6.
24. Sugiyama H, Nagai M, Kotajima F, et al. A case of interstitial pneumonia with chronic hepatitis C following interferon-alpha and sho-saiko-to therapy. Arerugi 1995;44:711–4 [in Japanese].
25. Sato A, Toyoshima M, Kondo A, et al. Pneumonitis induced by the herbal medicine Sho-saiko-to in Japan. Nippon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1997;35:391–5 [in Japanese].
26. Miyazaki E, Ando M, Ih K, et al. Pulmonary edema associated with the Chinese medicine shosaikoto. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi 1998;36:776–80 [in Japan

2007-02-23T09:38:00.000-08:00
BUPLEURUM
What is it? Bupleurum is an herbal medicine used to treat chronic (long term) diseases, like asthma or hepatitis. It is also used to improve the immune system (body system that fights disease) and to lower fever. Bupleurum can be used to try to prevent some liver diseases from becoming liver cancer.
Other names for Bupleurum include: Bupleurum falcatum, Chinese Thoroughwax, Hare's Ear Root, and Thorowax Root.
Ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist if you need more information about this medicine or if any information in this leaflet concerns you.
Before Using: Tell your doctor if you ...
are taking medicine or are allergic to any medicine (prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) or dietary supplement)
are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medicine
are breastfeeding
have any other health problems, such as high blood pressure or heart or blood vessel disease
Dosage: Talk with your caregiver about how much Bupleurum you should take. The amount depends on the strength of the medicine and the reason you are taking Bupleurum. If you are using this medicine without instructions from your caregiver, follow the directions on the medicine bottle. Do not take more medicine or take it more often than the directions tell you to.
To store this medicine: Keep all medicine locked up and away from children. Store medicine away from heat and direct light. Do not store your medicine in the bathroom, near the kitchen sink, or in other damp places. Heat or moisture may cause the medicine to break down and not work the way it should work. Throw away medicine that is out of date or that you do not need. Never share your medicine with others.
Warnings:
Before taking Bupleurum, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding
Side Effects: Stop taking your medicine right away and talk to your doctor if you have any of the following side effects. Your medicine may be causing these symptoms which may mean you are allergic to it.
Breathing problems or tightness in your throat or chest
Chest pain
Skin hives, rash, or itchy or swollen skin
Other Possible Side Effects: You may have the following side effects, but this medicine may also cause other side effects. Tell your doctor if you have side effects that you think are caused by this medicine.
Increase in bowel movements (BMs) and gas (1)
Nausea (upset stomach) and burping (1)
Lung problems (2)
References:1. Bone K: Bupleurum: a natural steroid effect. Can J Herbalism 1996; winter:22-41.2. Izumi T: Respiratory disorders induced by Chinese medicines on the increase. Editorial. Int Med 1996; 18(6):411.
PE0363
Copyright (c) 2007 Thomson MICROMEDEX. All rights reserved. Information is for End User's use only and may not be sold, redistributed or otherwise used for commercial purposes. The information is an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. Additionally, the manufacture and distribution of herbal substances are not regulated in the United States, and no quality standards currently exist. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you.
Please read the end user acknowledgement.

2007-02-22T02:42:00.000-08:00
Capparis spinosa L. [excluded] caper

Symbol:

CASP28

Group:

Dicot

Family:

Capparaceae

Growth Habit:

Duration:

U.S. Nativity:

Cultivated, or not in the U.S.

More Information:
Classification
Source & Reference

Images:Capparis spinosa L. [excluded]See all the Capparis thumbnails at the PLANTS Gallery

Synonyms:Capparis spinosa L. [excluded]

CARU19
Capparis rupestris Sibth. & Smith

Related Taxa:Capparis spinosa L. [excluded]View 14 genera in Capparaceae, 13 species in Capparis

Classification:Capparis spinosa L. [excluded]Click on a scientific name below to expand it in the PLANTS Classification Report.

Kingdom
Plantae – Plants
Subkingdom
Tracheobionta – Vascular plants
Superdivision
Spermatophyta – Seed plants
Division
Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
Class
Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Subclass
Dilleniidae –
Order
Capparales –
Family
Capparaceae – Caper family
Genus
Capparis L. – caper
Species
Capparis spinosa L. [excluded] – caper

More Accounts and Images:Capparis spinosa L. [excluded]
View photographs from CalPhotos.
View species account from ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
View taxonomic account from Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) for ITIS Taxonomic Serial Number 505885.

2007-02-10T22:11:00.000-08:00
1:
Villacis J, Rice TR, Bucci LR, El-Dahr JM, Wild L, Demerell D, Soteres D, Lehrer SB.
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Humphries DE, Silbert CK, Silbert JE.
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